Early Years Fundation Stage Degree Free Essay Example, 2250 words

For example, T. A.: †¦? What are we looking in the blood? Child: Blood test. T.A. : What are we looking in the blood test? The example clearly reflects difficulty for the child to understand what is asked as he was not able to understand the question. The children generally repeat new words they hear from adult. Repetition helps the to get the meaning. For example, T. A.: Are you going to put the baby in the bed now? Child: Yeah. T.A. : All right. Child: †¦ I’ll put you in the bed now. These examples reveal that social interaction and play assist children to learn and acquire language skills during play. According to Whitehead (2007) in( Block 5 chapter 12) many children develop effective learning skills at the age of 4 and they communicate effectively in the manner of an adult. For example, in the DVD, it is observed that the child use the style and tone of language that is characteristic of adults. Child: I need an injection in a minute. In this sentence, the professional and authoritative style of a child is also clear. This clearly reveals that the children develop language and communication skills from observations and interactions social environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Early Years Fundation Stage Degree or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In Block 5 chapter 12, Whitehead (2007) argued that listening, observing and experimenting with language and interacting with and imitating others helps in developing language and communication skills of children. Selected DVD of the play "Hospital play" also reveals that play, especially role play have a major contribution in developing understanding about the real world. During the play, children developed better understanding of the hospital environment, the process, and functions at the hospital as well as information about many equipments, tools, and items use in the real hospital setting. Children developed understanding about the procedure of blood test, collecting blood samples, labeling of bottles, the need and importance of names in order to label the blood samples and to recognise the samples of blood. Children learn that they need to provide care to the patients. During play, children gain technical terms such as a microscope to test the blood sample. Children also learn that they use calamine lotion, and they also explain that they keep blood samples and lotions in bottle with proper labels on bottles. Therefore, DVD clearly reveals that children develop knowledge about the world. As discussed and explained in book 3, study 1, Gaining knowledge and understanding the world depends on interpreting acquired observations, ideas and experiences.

The Humiliating Nature of Enslavement, Sexual Savage...

The humiliating nature of enslavement, sexual savage exploitation, and degradation in autobiographical narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs In the age of Romanticism, slavery and the slave trade provoked sharp criticism and controversy and played a very significant role in shaping public opinion and causing moral opposition to injustice and tyranny. Since Columbus’s journey opened the doors of the Atlantic passage to African Slave Trade, slavery became man’s greatest inhumanity to man â€Å"converting† the victims into labor and economic units of production. The foundation of African culture and civilization stagnated, decayed and almost disappeared within the over three hundred years of the Christian motivated evil of†¦show more content†¦That is why throughout his life, he worked very hard to read and write, attain more knowledge, and share this knowledge with others suffering alongside him as slaves. â€Å"The work of instructing my dear fellow-slaves was the sweetest engagement with which I was ever blessed†¦I succeeded in creating in them a strong desire to learn how to readâ₠¬  (Douglass). However, while Douglass mostly spoke about his black brothers and sisters as one whole – the brotherhood, Jacobs in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself portrayed the wrongs inflicted by slavery in the eyes of women slaves and the sexual tyranny exerted by white slave masters over black women† (Jacobs). Reader, be assured this narrative is no fiction†¦I was born and reared in Slavery†¦I do earnestly desire to arouse the women of the North to realizing sense of the condition of two millions of women at the South, still in bondage, suffering what I suffered, and most of them far worse. (Jacobs) With these words, Harriet Ann Jacobs revealed her personal story of enslavement, sexual savage exploitation, and degradation. In appealing to white women to look at life from her perspective, Jacobs was hoping to portray the cruelty of slavery in the eyes of a woman. She did not talk about severe whipping or punishments like Douglass but rather Christmas which she could not spend with

Security Issues in E Commerce and Marketing

Question: Discuss the privacy and security issues in e-commerce and possible solutions? Answer: 1. Introduction A Business Week Study found that over considerable of web clients were exceptionally connected with over the utilization of private points of interest, and 57% coveted a tenet is controlling how private subtle elements are accumulated and utilized (Poll, 2000). In the same way, (Culnan, 2000) proposed that protection issues were a pivotal motivation behind why individuals don't go on the web and give deceptions on the web. On the other hand, in light of space confinements we can't yearning to appropriately to focus each. Watch, nonetheless, that there is a strenuous exploration, examination around a significant number of these thoughts (Clarke, 1999) 2. Literature Review We accept this issue emerges from another mechanical air for customers and organizations, the bringing about data dissemination with critical profits to organizations and customers, client issues in the new atmosphere, and directing endeavours to control this climate. It is vital to fathom every one of those, and to appreciate the exchange offs. Privacy as an organization issue is amazingly sensitive to changes in the close-by viewpoint. Modifications in individuals' targets, or in controlling government, can significantly alter organization issues and opportunities. 2.1. Background Obviously, there are numerous work at home open doors in the altering innovative environment (Dhillon, 2001). The utilization of computerized frameworks permits data get at a much bigger rate and opportunity than beforehand; e-business websites could perhaps accumulate a huge measure of data about choices, shopping styles, styles of data search for and utilization, and so forth about customers, particularly if collected crosswise over sites. Not just is it more straightforward than any time in recent memory to accumulate the data, it is additionally much less complex to search for these data. The data are valuable for reusing, for instance, in discovering planned deals to current customers. Too, the data are additionally valuable to aggregators or four different sorts of exchange. Undoubtedly, reusing and exchange are in the meantime, both imminent open doors and issues. Incidentally, the same strategies that give quality to organizations and their customers additionally build securi ty issues (Culnan, 1999). Customers point of view is, numerous e-business sites are doing very bad with the data of their clients. Buyers' perspectives in this have been checked by press encounters of especially deplorable protection issues and promoting issues. For the most part examining, customers are just checking in their perspectives by the press. As depicted, only a few customers believe in organizations to keep their data individual. In one study, ninety two percent of members showed that actually when organizations ensured to store individual data, they are not really doing as such (Light, 2001). 3. Security Issues A client must utilize a site and sooner or later perceive, or confirm, himself to the site. For the most part, confirmation begins on the client's desktop PC and its web program. Lamentably, security issues in house PC frameworks offer online programmers different approaches to get e-commerce data and recognition data from clients(Curtin, 2000). While these particular security issues will be set by some product planners and site executives, comparable issues will keep on happening. Answers for the desktop PC comprise of POS devices in black and-mortar shops, and an assortment of versatile and compact contraptions (Roberts, 2002). 3.1. Analysis The client's web program joins to the seller front-end. At the point when a client does an e-shopping, the item holder's server typically stores the request's private data in a rundown of more recent buys. This database contains all things required for charge card tricks. Further, such records frequently hold 90 days of clients' buys (Borisov, 2001). Typically, online programmers break into powering web servers to gather these records of bank cards figures. Moreover, fragile web servers ought to be kept exceedingly particular, by exchanging off and dispensing with all inessential administrations and projects. Other sensible suggestions found for ensured servers (Simson Garfinkel, 2003) (Krause, 2002), and among numerous others. 4. Solutions 4.1. Public Key Concept There are one such insurance mechanical development, known as "PKI (Public key infrastructure)" procedures (Adams, 2001). Vital PKI-based, ensured techniques comprise of the retail location technique SSL (Dierks, 1999) (Rescorla, 1995) and the interbank routine bundle. PKI is a key-dissemination program in which individual gives two encrypted key components, one is for encryption and another is for decryption; these two key components together are known as a key couple (Diffie, 1976), (Rivest, 1978). The encoding key is discharged to the globe and is known as the member's group key. The decryption key-component is known as the individual key (Housley, 2002). An effectiveness advantages of PKI are that it needn't bother with a focal, amazingly accessible intermediary for each appropriately secured exchange; then again, this likewise makes it testing to know when someone else's key has been stolen or overall influenced. All things considered, PKI regularly needs a focal, amazingly acce ssible specialist for key control, and particularly for prompt recognize about suspending key-sets. This issue, the scratch-off issue, is still uncertain (Davies, 1997), notwithstanding the best endeavour up to now(Myers, 1999). 4.2. Digital Signature Concept The "digital signature" (Rabin, 1978) is the critical project of open key cryptography, and is a simple of a transcribed trademark. An advanced trademark is a cryptographic label that one and only essayist can figure; and the label's reliability can be inspected by any individual who can openness the data. This mixture of composing material with the creator's identification gives the same target as executing one's trademark to a report; an advanced trademark can be utilized to evidence assents, to offer reliability of a computerized accommodation, or to affirm distinguishing proof for availability. While e-commerce advanced marks have been quite expected, they have been minimal actualized up to now. There is still noteworthy examination forthcoming in knowing the legitimate and money related issues occupied with the lack of far reaching embracing of advanced mark based computerized business. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, security and privacy are still persistent exploration issues. There have been some energizing and essential results, on the other hand, in the most recent five decades that keep crucial repercussions for e-commerce locales and clients. Security is currently perceived, by numerous, to be a social improvement with destinations the greatest concern. Yet, privacy is additionally respected an open issue by powers, who have, however basically allowed innovative development to open up to now. Security is presently perceived to be generally fractional, the steady feline and-mouse round of assurance expert and cyberpunk. Critical mechanical changes have been executed in the most recent five years; be that as it may, it is passed that business rules may have a key an impact in site assurance. Finally, particular financial aspects and sociologically- based exploration are beginning to discover some way or another into the discharged abstract works, and we foresee that these exami nations will bring more prominent quality and aptitude to obviously filthy spots. 6. Recommendation Execution of e-commerce in Libya will perform colossal personalization through buying procedures that permit customers to settle on a decision and purchase things concerning their individual and select prerequisites. Case in point, an auto generation organization with an e-business method considers online buy of as of late planned vehicles inside few days in view of the client's favoured prerequisites. The power of e-commerce fours into the organization's creation process and obtaining is effective (Smith, 2001). Besides, the consolidation of e-business could result in to a reduction in expenses, perfect centred advertising, and the help of advancing extra things, administrations, and new strategies when needed. References Adams, C. P. S. M. Z. a. R. Z., 2001. Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure data validation and certification server protocols, l.: Internet RFC 3029. Borisov, N. I. G. a. D. W., 2001. Intercepting Mobile Communications: The Insecurity of 802.1.. l., Seventh Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. Clarke, R., 1999. Introduction to Dataveillance and Information Privacy, and Definition of Terms. [Online] Available at: https://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/DV/Intro.html. [Accessed 14 March 2015]. Culnan, M. J., 2000. Protecting Privacy Online: Is Self-Regulation Working?. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 19(1), pp. 20-26. Culnan, M. J. a. P. K. A., 1999. Information Privacy Concerns, Procedural Fairness and Impersonal Trust: An Empirical Investigation. Organization Science, 10(1), pp. 104-115. Curtin, P. G. a. M., 2000. Bank One Online Puts Customer Account Information At Risk. [Online] Available at: https://www.interhack.net/pubs/bankone-online [Accessed 14 March 2015]. Davies, S. G., 1997. In Technology and Privacy: The New Landscape. In: P. A. a. M. Rotenberg, ed. Re-Engineering the Right to Privacy: How Privacy Has Been Transformed from a Right to a Commodity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 143-165. Dhillon, G. S. a. T. T. M., 2001. Internet Privacy: Interpreting Key Issues. Information Resources Management Journal, 14(4), pp. 33-37. Dierks, T. a. C. A., 1999. The Transport Layer Security Protocol, l.: Internet RFC 2246. Diffie, W. a. M. H., 1976. New Directions in Cryptography. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 22(6), pp. 644-654. Fisher, S., 2001. Privacy By Design. InfoWorld, 23(27), pp. 20-22. Housley, R. W. P. W. F. a. D. S., 2002. Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) profile, l.: Internet RFC 3280. Krause, H. T. a. M., 2002. Information Security Management Handbook, New York: CRC Press. Light, D. A., 2001. Sure, You Can Trust Us. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(1), p. 17. Myers, M. R. A. A. M. S. G. a. C. A., 1999. 509 Internet Public Key Infrastructure Online Certificate Status Protocol - OCSP, s.l.: Internet RFC 2560. Poll, H., 2000. Online Privacy: A Growing Threat. Business Week, 96. Rabin, M. O., 1978. Digitalized Signatures. In: R. L. a. R. D. Millo., ed. In Foundations of Secure Computation. New York: Academic Press, pp. 155-166.. Rescorla, E. a. A. S., 1995. The Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol, l.: Internet Draft. Rivest, R. A. S. a. L. A., 1978. A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2), pp. 120-126. Roberts, P., 2002. Bugbear Virus Spreading Rapidly, l.: PC World Online. Simson Garfinkel, A. S. a. G. S., 2003. Practical Unix Internet Security, Cambridge, MA: O'Reilley. Smith, D. M., 2001. The E-Business Book: A Step-by-Step Guide to E-Commerce and Beyond (Bloomberg). USA: John Wiley Sons.

Research Paper on Ecclesiology Essay Example

Research Paper on Ecclesiology Essay In the Pastoral Epistles, we find considerable attention given to appropriate structures of leadership and to the qualities and behavior required from elders. Here it is clear that the elders of the churches are resident members of the communities, specifically male heads of households. The leaders are referred to as episkopoi, diakonoi, and presbyteroi, although little is said about their roles and responsibilities that would enable any clear distinctions to be drawn between the functions of the different â€Å"offices.† (Holmberg 34) More attention is given to describing the qualities which must characterize such leaders. As has often been pointed out, these are essentially the stock characteristics of decent and respectable well-to-do persons in Greco-Roman society (Knight 77). The bishop or episkopos, among other things, â€Å"must mange his own household well, keeping his children submissive and respectful in every way — for if someone does not know how to manage his own household, how can he take care of God’s church?† ( 1 Tim 3: 4-5). Deacons likewise must â€Å"manage their children and their households well† ( 1 Tim 3: 12); this wording is surely an indication also that such households often included slaves as well as wife and children. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Ecclesiology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Ecclesiology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Ecclesiology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1 Tim 5: 17 is an important and revealing reference. The elders who rule well (the verb proistemi is used as in Rom 12: 8 and 1 Thess 5: 12), especially those who labor in word and teaching, are to be considered worthy of â€Å"double honor,† which should most probably be taken as a reference to a level of financial support (Knight 82). The legitimation then given in verse 18 for the support of elders — resident leaders in the community — is particularly noteworthy, for it uses two citations, both of which had been used in earlier times to legitimate the material support of itinerant leaders. The citation from Deut 25: 4,  «you shall not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain, » is used by Paul in 1 Cor 9: 9 to underscore the right of the traveling apostles to support. (Campbell 62) The second citation, apparently referred to by the author of 1 Timothy as â€Å"Scripture† (graphe), along with Deut 25: 4, is the proverb of Jesus from the synoptic mission discourse which explains why the itinerant apostles can expect their support from others: â€Å"the worker is worthy of his wage† (Lk 10: 7; cf., Mt 10: 20). These scriptural and dominical legitimations for the material support of itinerant missionaries have here become legitimations for the support of resident elders. (Holmberg 101) Assuming that the Pastoral Epistles are pseudonymous, it is most likely that their implied recipients, Timothy and Titus, are indeed implied, fictional, rather than real. The entire literary framework is a pseudonymous device to convey a sense of authenticity and apostolic authority. The letters present themselves as the instruction of Paul to two of his trusted and prominent co-workers. (Wedderburn 153) This adds a further kind of legitimation to the appointment and position of the resident elders. The whole literary context of 1 Timothy, for example, is one in which Paul urges Timothy to remain in Ephesus ( 1 Tim 1: 3) so that he can ensure that sound teaching is followed, so that he can â€Å"teach and urge the duties† which the letter details (6:2b), faithfully guarding what has been entrusted to him (6: 20). If the reference to â€Å"laying on of hands† in 5:22 is to a form of  «ordination » -designating certain people as those in a position of leadership — as many commentators think (Campbell 80), then Timothy has a special charge to appoint leaders carefully. This responsibility is clearer still in the letter formally addressed to Titus, who, according to the letter, has been left in Crete in order to â€Å"appoint elders in every town† ( Titus 1:5). This appointment of leaders is presented as Paul’s explicit instruction – â€Å"as I directed you.† (Towner 118) There follows a list of the qualities required of elders and of the bishop (Titus 1: 5-9). Thus the appointment and authority of resident leaders is legitimated as something commanded by Paul and enacted through his most prominent delegates. Thus the author of the Pastoral Epistles supports and strengthens the position of the elders in the churches of his time; he seeks to ensure that positions of leadership are filled by those of an appropriate social standing -male heads of households. The Pastoral Epistles are also fiercely polemical letters that expend considerable energy in labeling the opponents as â€Å"despicable deviants† 13 (e.g., 1 Tim 1: 4-7, 4: 1-3, 6: 3-10; 2 Tim 2: 14-26, 3: 1-9; Titus 1: 10-14.). The conventional nature of the polemic means that it is hard to  «mirror read » from the Pastorals much reliable information concerning the beliefs, ethos, and practices of the opponents. (Towner 121) On the specific subject of leadership among the so-called false teachers, little is revealed. However, it seems clear that the â€Å"false† forms of the faith allow women to take leading roles, or at least, that women regard themselves as legitimate teachers and propagators of this faith. Why else would the author of 1 Timothy need to make the stern declaration. The author fears that, outside the structure of the household (5: 14), they will roam from house to house, â€Å"saying what they should not say† (5: 13). This can hardly with confidence be described as an itinerant form of missionary activity (though it may be that), but at the very least what we seem to encounter is a form of the faith, branded by the author of the Pastorals as false and Satanic, to which women are attracted and which they spread as they move from house to house (Towner 130). For the author of the letters, who sees an intimate connection between the structure of the household, leadership in the churches, and socially respectable behavior, such younger widows should â€Å"marry, bear children, and manage their households† (Campbell 101). Forms of the faith, which operate outside of, or present a challenge to, the structure of the household are a threat. Within the canonical Pauline corpus, then, a clear trajectory can be seen in which the locus of power and authority shifts from the itinerant apostles, Paul and his co-workers, to the male heads of households resident in the Christian communities, though this resident leadership is still legitimated in Paul’s name. Certainly it is true that a number of householders had significant power and influence in the Pauline communities during Paul’s own lifetime. It is also true that the pattern of community life and structure which the author of the Pastoral epistles urges is not uncontroversially established; it is presented in the context of a harsh and vituperative polemic against those who see things differently. The extent of the transformation should not therefore be exaggerated, but neither should it be downplayed. (Holmberg 132) Evidence from other early Christian epistles from the late first and early second century may also be drawn into this picture. 1 Peter, written from Rome sometime between 75 and 90 C.E., though it deals little with structures of leadership in the communities, addresses the elders of the communities to which the letter is sent ( 1 Pet 5: 1-4). These figures, who are probably resident leaders of seniority in both faith, age, and social position, are urged to exercise their pastoral role and â€Å"oversight,† episkopountes, willingly. And those who are younger are instructed to accept the authority of the elders (Towner 137). At EssayLib.com custom writing service you can buy a custom research paper on Ecclesiology topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. 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The Many Methods Sociological Research †Sociology Essay

The Many Methods Sociological Research – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers The Many Methods Sociological Research Sociology Essay In sociology, there are four social research methods used to perform experiments. After a researcher has identified what he or she will be researching, the researcher will choose the best method to use to test their experiment. Each method has different strengths in completing a research. At times, a combination of two will enforce a better result. The four research methods a researcher could use would be experiment research, survey research, field observation, and use of existing data sources. At first, the researcher has to come up with a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a single statement about reality that can be tested (Farley25). This is then used to test a piece of a theory. It is possible to observe whether things happen the way the hypothesis claims that it will occur. A hypothesis is always a statement, never a question (25). There are very many variables, which are used in an experiment. A variable is a concept that can either take on different values or has two or more categories. There are two kinds of variables: independent and dependent. An independent variable is a variable that the researcher thinks is a cause, which influences the other variable. The cause must always come before the effect. For example, a person cannot do something today that will cause something to happen yesterday (26). A dependent variable, on the other hand, is a variable that the researcher thinks is the effect. The first research method is an experiment research. This is research that is carried out in a situation that is under the control the researcher (Farley28). This method is used when the research is based on how a situation may change if and independent variable is added to the situation. An experiment must have two groups that are similar in education, race, and age. There needs to be a control group and an experimental group. An experimental group goes through an experience while a control group goes through the pretest and posttest. Both groups need to be measured before and after the experiment. The control group is measured at the beginning of the period and then measured at the end of the period. But the control group is not put in a different situation that the group began in. The experimental group is measured at the beginning of the period, and then tested through the experiment, and then the group is measured again at the end of the period to see if there was any change to the group. The second research method is conducting a survey to gather information to test a hypothesis. A survey research is any research in which a population is asked a set of questions that are worked out in advance by the researcher. This method is used with a large population or a sample of the population. A sample is a subset of a population that is used to represent the entire population. The survey can consist of a questionnaire, a telephone interview, or a personal interview. Each survey will give a different result because of non- personal interaction and personal interaction. There are two types of questions. The first is a fixed response that is multiple choice and easy to process. The second one is open ended which the person writes his or here own answers in his her own words to the question.In a questionnaire, the people answer the survey by marking answers on the survey form. Theses surveys are very simple and inexpensive but the researcher might not always know when people have a problem understanding the questions. Another disadvantage of a mail- out/ mail- back questionnaire is the low rate response. How many people do you really think would take the time to fill out survey in the mail? A response can be improved if handed to a group to fill out right there on the spot. They can be given out perhaps at work or even in a classroom. A telephone interview has quick results. While the researcher is on the phone, he or she can type in the answers that are given and have results within seconds. Telephone interviews have a better response rate than questionnaires. Out of all of these, a person interview would be the most reliable method to use. The researcher can see the expressions on a person’s face or they can even explain the question better than in a questionnaire. There are some disadvantages in a personal interview, for example, the actual time that has to be spent in doing the interview and the amount of money it cost for the procedure to happen. Surveys and experiments produce numbers that can be used to test a hypothesis. A participant observation is often more subjective in nature and has fewer numbers but a greater knowledge (Farley35). The third research method is field observation. Field observation is where researchers observe human behavior as it occurs in ordinary real- life situations. This method is used to study and observe human behavior in natural setting. There are two main types of field observation: participant and unobtrusive. In participant observation, the researcher contributes in some way in the behavior observed. The researcher may continue by attending meetings or being involved in some types of group activities. A question asked in a participant observation is: should the researcher reveal his or her identity? Some researchers are against identifying his or her identity because when people discover that they are being studied, it can cause them to behave differently (Levin). On the other hand, some researchers consider identifying themselves because they believe people have the right to know that they are being studied. In an unobtrusive observation, the researcher does not in any way become involved in the behavior being observed. The researcher is in a position out of sight, for example, through a window or across the street. An inconspicuous measure is then taken by percentages, for instance, the percentage of male or female that get on a subway. An instance of field observation is how to study how parents treat their children when the child misbehaves. This method allows the researcher to observe the family without conversation. If parents were asked how they discipline their children when misbehaving, the conclusions would be incorrect. Therefore it is understandable that field observation would be the most precise method to use in situations comparable to this one. The last research method would be the use of existing data sources. The researcher does not collect original data because data has already been collected. Researching old documents or studies that have already been done use this method. There is no use of another human, just past information that now may be studied to find changes from then and now. There are three main sources that are used, one of which is archives. Colleges, organizations, and corporations have collected the data already. This has resulted in computerized data archives that are open to anyone (Farley38). Government data would include records of births, deaths, marriages, and even divorces. The information is directly available over the Internet to anyone who wants to use the information. The second source is the U.S. Census, which is updated every ten years. The data is on the population, housing from a street block to the entire country, manufacturing, and wholesale trade. Content analysis would be the last sourc e. This involves some type of systematic examination of the content of books, articles, speeches, movies, and/or television programs. For example, compare the number and types of roles filled by male and female characters in a set of television programs. It can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative is counting the number of words devoted to female characters as opposed to the male characters. Qualitative is a detailed description and analysis of how male and female characters is presented (Farley39). These four social research methods are all used differently in experiments. As explained, experiment, survey, field observation, and existing data are very useful in each type of situation that may be presented to the researcher. The researcher just must know what he or she is studying and what type of research he or she is going to use. Every time research is involved, a method has to be used. 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Your Ideal Reader

Your Ideal Reader Your Ideal Reader Your Ideal Reader By Ali Hale If you’re reading Daily Writing Tips, you’re probably a writer of some description. And being a writer means, in the vast majority of cases, that you have – or at least want to have – readers. So, have you thought about your Ideal Reader? What is an Ideal Reader? Your ideal reader is a construct designed to represent your audience. If you’re writing a blog about frugality and budgeting, your ideal reader might be a single mom in her thirties. Alternatively, your ideal reader could be a high school graduate heading off to college. For a short story writer, an ideal reader might be a woman working in a shop, flicking through short stories in her breaks or during quiet times of the day. Alternatively, a short story writer might envisage a very different ideal reader – perhaps an elderly male professor poring over the story in a hushed library, extracting every nuance. Why do I want an Ideal Reader? You might wonder what the point of creating an â€Å"ideal reader† is. Perhaps you think your audience is too diverse, and that there’s no way you could come up with one imaginary character to represent them. But having an ideal reader is well worth the effort, in terms of boosting your writing productivity: â€Å"Consider how much more quickly words flow when you’re writing an email to a friend versus creating a formal business presentation. When you have a specific recipient in mind, you have a much easier time communicating your ideas.† from Why Create An Ideal Reader? Do you ever find yourself struggling to get started an article, blog post, story or poem? Do you worry that the topic will bore your readers, or that your literary allusions will go over their heads? Having an ideal reader in mind makes it much easier to pitch your writing at the right level. Even if you don’t have an audience yet, you’ll still want to think about your ideal reader. When I was planning my new blog, Alpha Student, I put a good bit of thought into my ideal reader: a keen, intelligent, slightly shy, university student who isn’t really into the wilder aspects of student life. This really helped when focusing the blog and deciding on the tone of the articles (I’ve not written about drunken nights or peppered my advice with swear words, for instance!) Who is My Ideal Reader? If you’re writing for a specific publication, you’re in luck. Many magazines publish profiles for prospective advertisers, detailing the demographics of the magazine’s readership. Here in the UK, I find the IPC Media website very helpful for finding these details. For example, for Horse magazine, I’m told that the â€Å"target readers† are horse enthusiast women aged 20-40 from the ABC1 (middle/upper class) categories. This would be a good starting point for creating an ideal reader. â€Å"At a minimum I keep in mind the age and gender of the reader. For example, I sometimes do news articles for a small, local weekly newspaper. Since I live in the neighborhood, I know that we’re an incredibly diverse area, but that the readership of the paper tends to be older women. So that’s who I write for, keeping in mind the others, and occasionally working in some ethnic bits.† from Write for Your Ideal Reader If you’re writing fiction for a particular magazine, look at the advertisements, the editorial, and the letters from readers. This can give you a lot of clues about the gender, age, interests and social class of the ideal reader for that market. Even copywriters and marketers can create an ideal reader – often called an â€Å"ideal customer†. I took Sonia Simone’s excellent Content Class by email (it’s free), and her first lesson is â€Å"Write for One Customer†. She says: If your ideal customer is a little formal, write to her like youd send an email to your Great Aunt Susie. If hes casual, write like youd write to an old college buddy. (Its probably smart to keep it rated-G, though.) Over to You If you have a blog, novel, short story collection, article or any other writing project underway, stop and ask yourself – who am I writing for? Who’s my ideal reader? You can get as detailed about this as you like: try to make it a fun exercise. Give your ideal reader a name, a personality, interests, worries, a birthday. Then, every time you write, write for that one person. Why not tell us about your ideal reader in the comments? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageEmail EtiquetteWords Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business environment - Essay Example There are many reasons for this change in the external environment as organizations are fighting their way to reclaim their original position in the market. Large banks such as Northern Rock failed to sustain itself despite support from Bank of England and such the carryover effects are even felt by the organizations working in other sectors of the economy. Subprime mortgages may be just tip of the iceberg as there are other very serious causes of the failure of the financial system. Due to inter-linking of different macroeconomic variables, governments of UK and US even went on to pump in funds into failing organizations in a bid to stabilize the economy. It has also been observed that the different economic policies adopted by the UK and US Government specially after 1970s were largely in favor of free market economy which allowed different organizations to go beyond their capabilities and as such caused the current financial crises within the both these countries. Due to this reason, British Government specially has been planning to reorganize and restructure the mortgage market in a bid to lessen the impacts of the current financial crises. This research paper will provide an analysis of some of the PEST or LEPEST factors which British Government may consider for successful implementation of its plans. Further, this research paper will also discuss how a bank would respond to such influences. As discussed above that the current crises are the crises of confidence and as such not British Government is taking efforts to revive the failing institutions in particular and economy in general. As a part of these efforts, British Government is also undertaking to restructure the existing mortgage market in the country in a bid to rationalize it so that in future no such episodes happen. PEST Analysis in such circumstances can serve as an excellent tool to provide great insight into some of the critical factors required