Norm Referenced Tesing

| | | | | | | | | |10/20/2012 3:39:49 PM | | | | | |Norm-Reference tests are â€Å"most appropriate when one wishes to make comparisons across large numbers of students or important | |decisions regarding student placement and advancement† (Assessment purposes, 2011). One example of a Norm-Reference test would | |be the COMPASS Test which is given to students entering college. This test assesses the reading, writing, and mathematical | |level of students in order to determine which English and math class individuals are placed in order to give the best | |opportunity for success as they begin their college education. The COMPASS assesses individuals by using the lower taxonomy | |levels.After completion of the test, students are placed in a remediation level English or math class if they fail to | |demonstrate the ability to demonstrate knowledge of the concepts at these lower cognitive levels. | |Criterion-Reference test are â€Å"most appropriate for quickly assessin g what concepts and skills students have learned from a | |segment of instruction† (Assessment purposes, 2011). In Georgia, the Criterion-Reference Competency Test (CRCT) test the skills| |and knowledge gained over the curriculum taught throughout the school year. Higher taxonomy levels are being assessed as | |students must demonstrate their comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis of the grade level curriculum.When | |students receive their results, they have an idea of where they stand academically compared to the standards covered. Unlike | |Norm-Referenced test, this test does not result in student placement when moving toward the next grade level. | |Although both test serve a purpose, in my experience, Norm-Reference test are great for individual assessment and the ability to| |use lower level taxonomy skills such as knowledge and comprehension. The CRCT serves its purpose of rating individuals in | |comparison to the content and curriculum they should know b y having students demonstrate through critical thinking skills as | |they analyze each question. I believe the CRCT is better served for evaluating educators rather than students.With | |mainstreaming students into the regular education setting, it is difficult to gain a true reading of how well the higher levels | |of Bloom’s Taxonomy are addressed and used in the general education setting. | |   | |References | |   | |   | |Assessment purposes. (2011, Nov 23). Retrieved from http://www. edtech. vt. edu/edtech/id/assess/purposes. html | | | | |

Coin

I was born in the fires of an ancient forge in the hilss of the Hindu Kush. Amid the clatter of hammers and the chatter of Greek, I paused on a battered anvil for the final pangs of my creation. Beneath me lay a hardened die bearing the image of my king; atop me pressed another, etched with horsemen and some mirror-image words. Then the hammer struck, hard and heavy, ringing out the news of my nativity. With each belo the dies dug deeper into my flesh, stamping their images as father and mother of a freshly minted coin.As I look back across two millennia for these earliest memories, I marbel at my long, now legendary, journey from mine to mint to market to museum. I remeber Rome as a rising power, a century before the first Caesars; I recall the early days of Emperor Asoka's moral conquests and the builing of China's Great Wall. I have outlived six of the seven wonders of the ancient world. (I am told the Great Pyramid still stands) Yet I am no mute ruin: money talks. Mine is the voi ce of history, recorded by numismatists trained to hear my ancient stories of art, industry, worship, and war.My eloquence youth, when legends traced my origins to a colony of giant ants. Most gold in ancient times was mined by condemned criminals and slaves whose lives meant little to their taskmasters. In my days, the mines of Egypt were legendary hives of human misery. But it was said that gold in great abundance could be found near India, where giant ants piled gold-bearing dust at the entrances of their tunnels. These ants–nearly the size of dogs, the legend said–defended their burrows fiercely against men who dared to steal the spoils of their digging.But such danger was trivial given the normal costs of ancient mining, and so the legend spread as far as Greece. When Alexander the Great invaded the Indus Valley in the fourth century BC, his Greek soldiers eagerly searched for this legendary lode. Local guides displayed for them the dappled skins of the ants thems elves, but the invaders could not find a single mound of precious gold Only a few generations later, however, Greek settlers were gathering large quantities of gold in this very region.These descendants of Alexander's warriors created a wealthy kingdom called Bactria, famous for its beautiful silver and gold coins like me. (See Aramco World, May/June 1994) Where, scholars have long wondered, did the Greek kings of Bactria find so much precious metal? International trade constitutes one obvious source, but giant â€Å"ants† might be another. Two thousand years after I was born, explorers discovered that burrowing marmots on the remote Dansar Plateau, near the borders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and China, do indeed heap mounds of gold-bearing earth at the mouths of their burrows.These stocky rodents, called â€Å"mountain ants† by the Persians who passed the legend on to the Greeks, grow to the size of small dogs and pitch up meter-high hills of auriferous subsoil. Even in modern times, local tribes harvest this gold in an age-old tradition that recalls the legends of my youth. It is possible, after all, that inhuman marmots, rather than inhuman misery, brought my gold to the forges of man. From the moment I left the royal mint of my king Eucratides, eager hands grasped for me. I was a beauty then, the envy of every monarch and merchant from the Indus to the Euphrates.Great artists had carved my parent dies in mirror-image, etching tiny Greek words and figures backward so that these negative forms would produce positive impressions on my two faces. The result, when smashed into 8. 5 grams (0. 3 oz) of gold, is a splendid coin called a stater — a treasure of art as well as riches. My obserse (the â€Å"heads† face produced by the lower, anvil die) boasts a once-brilliant portrait of King Eucratides, framed in a circle of small dots. Behind the king's neck trails the royal diadem, a ribbon tied around his head as the unmistakble em blem of his office.His cloak, engraved in high relief, is that of a cavalry commander, and his great crested helmet resembles a Boeotian design lauded by the historian Xenophon as the best headgear for cavalrymen. Attached to my king's helmet is a frontlet that sweeps back and ends in bull's horns and ears. Some consider this a symbolic evocation of Alexander the Great's war-horse Bucephalus (â€Å"Ox-head†), who had horns according to some accounts, and who had been buried by Alexander near my own birthplace. Like Alexander, my king rode with valor at the head of his elite cavalry and conquered with an aggressive Greek spirit.In fact, Eucratides called himself â€Å"the Great† long before that title was given to Alexander by the Romans. On my reverse (the â€Å"tails† side produced by the upper, punch die), you can still read the exalted caption â€Å"King Eucratides the Great. † No Greek had ever put such words on his coinage before, but modesty was nev er my king's style. The armed horsemen who gallop within the inscription are Castor and Pollux. In Greek mythology, they were the sons of Zeus who would suddenly appear in a crisis to save the day, much like Eucratides himself, who wrestled the Bactrian throne from a faltering dynasty.These twins carry palms, brandish spears, and wear felt caps topped with stars. Behind the rear legs of the trailing horse, you can discern a Greek monogram, W. This mark identifies either the mint or the magistrate responsible for my creation. Nearly every gold and silver coin minted in Bactria carries such a birthmark, but the exact meaning of the many symbols has long been lost. For example, some scholars think that my monogram indicates the city of Balkh or Aornus; others see only the initials of some unknown Greek official who served a few months as midwife in the delivery of my king's new money.If you look past the scars of my long life, I am as beautifully Greek as the Parthenon itself, though I was born 5000 kilometers (3000 mi) east of Athens. I am the mind of the West imprinted on the precious metal of the East. The implications haunt me. Am I propaganda etched on plunder, or the product of a peaceful integration? Do I personify apartheid or a partnership? The design and distribution of currency are deliberate, official acts, so money can never be neutral in the struggles of any society.Look at a nation's coins and you will see the scatter-shot of its cultural canon: even a melting-pot like America has a partisan coinage, its message overwhelmingly white, male, European, and Christian. In ancient Bactria, I was no less biased. My milieu is entirely Mediterranean, and my intrinsic value kept me beyond reach of the marginalized poor of the non-Greek population. Gold circulated over the heads of these farmers and servants, who relied upon small denominations of bronze of silver for their meager purchases.My king minted for them some square, bilingual issues struck on an In dian weight standard, but I belonged to colonial Greek aristocrats, the ruling elite of Bactria. Unlike small bronze and silver coins which travel swiftly but never far, my gold brothers and I ranged into territories quite distant from our monarch's own marketplaces. Throughout the Middle East, Hellenistic states were quick to accept gold coins struck on a common Greek standard with recognizable types. I, for example, would be recognized in any market from the Balkans to Bactria.I had no restrictive local features, as did my square bilingual cousins, and my denomination conformed to the Attic Greek system used nearly everywhere in Alexander's old empire. The range of my travels can be easily documented: In Mesopotamia, for example, another Greek king so admired my design that he shamelessly stole every detail for his own coinage. But globe-trotting gold cannot be too careful, for everywhere, insatiable melting pots stand ready. My parent dies produced as many as 20,000 siblings iden tical to me; now, of them all, only I have survived the gauntlet that gold runs.The most critical moment in any money's life is the day it ceases to be currency. Once a coin can no longer circulate in a given place or time, human hands are quick to convert it into some more useful form. Most of my brothers became bullion again, their identities soon lost in the issues of other, less ancient kings. Some may exist still as a statue's thumb or a goblet's lip, but I would not recognize them. I carry the last known imprint of our shared dies because an unusual circumstance spared my life. Painful and defacing though it was, that occasion added 2000 years to my story and gave me an unexpected career.A sturdy loop of my metal was fused to my reverse side, right across my galloping horsemen. The attachment was sized to fit a finger, and I became a sinet ring. This ancient operation changed the whole pattern of my life. My surfaces no longer wore evenly; instead my obverse suffered horribly as it rode that band exposed to daily bumps and bruises, while my reverse design was now shielded from the whold. I lived a strange new life on the wrong side of the humand hand, banished from the palm where coins enjoy the camaraderie of active currency. Who had done this to me?The Greeks, as far as I could determine, were gone. Shortly after my king's reign, Bactria fell to successive waves of nomadic invaders. Some of them later settled in the region and created the Kushan empire, astride the famous Silk Roads that linked the empires of Rome and China. One Kushan ruler so exceeded my own king's ambitions that he proclaimed himself not only â€Å"the Great†, but also â€Å"King of Kings, Son of Heaven, Caesar† — a title that is simultaneously Iranian, Indian, Chinese, and Roman. Although I finally found myself outside the closed world of my Greek makers, I felt welcome among these eclectic Kushans.They borrowed freely from my past. One of their graves containe d a magnificent cameo imitating my design, and signet rings of Greek style were common elements in their elaborate gold-spangled costumes. Eventually lost or interred — I cannot recall which — I reluctantly returned beneath the soil of Central Asia. For twenty centuries I slept; you cannot imagine the burden of time. My gold kept its luster while all around me the corrosive poisons of earth ate away the baser metals. Above me, kings gave way to caliphs and khans as new realms dawned and died.Other gold shone for the civilizations of Muslims, Mongols, and Mughals while I lay undiscovered, underground, my fame forgotten. Neither man or marmot rescued me — until modern times. Then, I suddenly awoke and saw myself reflected in the wide dark eyes of a jubilant discoverer. My new guardian considered the expedient of the melting pot, but my unusual appearance gave him pause. Not just another antique coin, I was a warrior's signet, well-suited to his own station. He was an Afghan officer, and I found a new home on his hand. There I was schooled in the long history I had missed.I learned that Bactria had become Afghanistan, where the weapons were new but the wars unchanged. Great powers still converged upon this rugged and remote bastion in order to control the gateways between Europe, Asia and India. Now, however, this struggle was called â€Å"the Great Game. † Intrepid spies from czarist Russia and imperial Britain crept along the snow-filled passes of Central Asia, and tired armies clashed in places called Kabul, Kandahar and the Khyber Pass. Rudyard Kipling and others romanticized the struggle, but brave men did not bleed the less for all this talk of games. I saw the fight firsthand

Unit Three Critical Discussion Blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit Three Critical Discussion Blog - Assignment Example The word rendition means to carry or take something somewhere (with a slightly sinister echo of the word â€Å"render† or reduce and recycle a dead animal). The term as a whole is very abstract. There is no real nonverbal communication in the use of this term, but the body language of people who frequently use it suggests they are hiding something. As is suggested in Chapter 10, the delivery of meaning is very important: if your euphemism is as bad as this one, your body language may suggest you are being dishonest. People should be honest about what they mean. They could say something like international arrest, or extrajudicial arrest, if they want to be more ethical. As the textbook suggests, it is not ethical for members of government to try to hide the truth from citizens by using euphemisms. Another similar euphemism is Enhanced Interrogation Techniques when people mean

Organisational Cultural Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisational Cultural Case Study - Essay Example ..(organization's) own limitations; valuing diversity; and managing the potential dynamics of systemic bias, racism, prejudice, and exclusion within client-health provider relationship† (Srivastava, 2007, p.20). Organisational cultural competence in a health care scenario is also described as â€Å"the ability to provide care with a client-centered orientation that both reflects the client’s cultural values and beliefs and recognizes the impact of marginalization in health care interactions and responses† (Srivastava, 2007, p.20). Rationale for the study What everyone forgets often is that disease has a social context. Cockerham (2007) has shown this by saying that â€Å"income and occupational status join education as the major components of social class† in how people select their health life styles (p.53). WHO has defined that â€Å"health is not only the absence of disease, but also complete physical, mental, and social wellness† (qtd. in Laverac k, 2004, P.14). It is also a known fact that stress, poverty, low socioeconomic status, unhealthy lifestyles, and unpleasant living and working conditions† can cause ill health (Cockerham, 2007, p.1). ... ir opinions, act in real life situations and hold attitudes to their practice are dependent on their culture, which again includes their social class, race, gender, and many similar factors. But a problem arises when these people have an interface with a culturally diverse group of clients. In such a context, there can be a clash of interests, attitudes and values which are culture-specific. For the smooth existence of a service provider-client interface, such conflicts have to be prevented from happening, and this is the realm in which discussions on cultural competency gain relevance. The concept of cultural competence is more than the actions and behavior of one or two individual practitioners but it has to work across the individual, organizational and systemic levels of an organization (Srivastava, 2007, p.20). As far as the people within an organization are concerned, cultural competence has to be ensured from policy and administration levels, through management and to service and support staff. Cultural competence is important in the health care context also because in a health care situation, there is a power relation involved which puts the client in a disadvantageous position in the hierarchy of that power equation. Power being â€Å"perceived as an authority and to engender willing compliance is, clearly, to exercise power,† the service provider can be understood to have power over the client (Fulford, Dickenson and Muray, 2002, p.280). And the exercise of this power has a possibility to be biased by the cultural values and prejudices of the service-provider. In this backdrop, gaining cultural competence through training, awareness and systemic measures can only ensure that non-discriminatory and ethical care is given to all in a health organization. An ideal

What is it like to be a bat by thomas nagel Essay

What is it like to be a bat by thomas nagel - Essay Example hermore, if one is particularly good at a thing that another species is capable of doing then they always have a partial and at the same time incomplete understanding. Reductionism is the philosophical is a point of view that a complex system is but the sum of its parts. Nagel stated that any reductionist program should be based on critical analysis of what is to be reduced. In his view, if something is purposely left out then, the problem will be falsely posed. Likewise, to base the defense of materialism on a given analysis of mental facts that explicitly neglects subjective character (Horst, 17). Nagel at the implied physicalism isnt necessarily true. Assuming a physicalist hypothesis initiates with a faulty analysis of mind no conclusion can be true. To him, it is truer to imply that physicalism is a position one cannot understand many lacks conception of its truthfulness (Sachse, 78). Nagel then uses the illustration that mental states area given states of the body while mental events are physical events. Rats are used to give the simplest of analysis since their experience is unknown to many (Nagel,

Challenges of International Students in the US Coursework

Challenges of International Students in the US - Coursework Example American colleges and universities place emphasis on learning through the completion of assignments and projects, enforcing future professionals to build the bridge between the academic and practical world while yet at the classroom desk. For many, such approach is difficult to adapt to. Educational systems in their countries are more oriented towards the traditional theoretical knowledge accumulation. Some also struggle with the plentiful essays and research papers, as well as with the norms of citing and referencing. Finally, international students coming to the US inevitably experience the phenomenon known as a 'culture shock'. The feeling of unfamiliarity with many situations and uncertainty about how to react to them result in a state of anxiety and disorientation. The experience is not limited to students, though: many of those who traveled abroad in search of work, education, or better living found themselves in similar circumstances. The symptoms of culture shock may range fr om moderate irritation to deep-rooted psychological crisis or even panic (Deresky & Christopher, 2012). In conclusion, international students coming to the US in order to acquire knowledge should be prepared for a long adaptation process. Foreign language, demanding educational system, and culture shock are the main environment-associated inhibitors of one’s academic progress. It depends both on the student and his mentor whether or not he will be able to level the impact of these inconveniences.

Foundations of Finance and Financial Management Assignment

Foundations of Finance and Financial Management - Assignment Example 4) There could be multiple reasons why this "free rating" would have angered the issuer of bonds. It could be because that the rating company is not familiar with the firm policies and has not taken into account some of the necessary information that would have given a completely different angle or picture to the bond rating. Similarly, the rating published by this company could have "put-off" some of the potential investors from investing into these bonds and hence the issuer of the bonds would have lose some of the potential money that they could have borrowed by issuing bonds. 2) The logic behind this model is that dividend grows at a constant rate in perpetuity. By perpetuity we mean that the dividend payments will continue forever and hence the value of stock will be equal to next year's dividend divided by required rate of return minus assumed dividend growth. 3) There are multiple reasons for that. The first reason is those preferred stockholders have a immediate claim on company's profit which is before the real owners of the company- ordinary stockholder. Similarly, the dividend percentage is fixed and if the company cannot pay it in the current year, it will have to pay it in the future.

Learning Organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Organizations - Research Paper Example The paper will describe two United States based organizations i.e. IBM and Motorola, which are considered as learning organizations, with proper evidence. The objective of the paper is to understand the aspects of learning organization. IBM is considered as a prudent example of a learning organization. The company incorporates the modern developments in strategic variation, administrative leadership, constant enhancement of business and learning along with development of employees. The major evidence for claiming IBM as a learning organization is its training and learning strategies. IBM is dedicated towards developing the knowledge of the employees and it considers that learning is critical for the success of its business. Through learning, IBM ensures that the members constantly enhance their skills for adjusting with new business environments or new working conditions. In the year 2004, IBM had invested almost US$64 million for training and development of its workers which is considered to be a part of the learning activity of IBM. IBM provides training to the personnel by numerous ways such as on-the job training and classroom exercises. As a learning organization, IBM provides the facility of e-learning which offers employees the prospect to learn by using a new technology equipped with internet (American Jewish University, 2012). The other significant example of a learning organization is Motorola. The reason for considering Motorola as a learning organization is that it also provides training to the employees and develops itself in order to construct productive principles in the organization. In order to become a learning organization, Motorola has established Motorola University in the year 1981, which provides learning in order to generate a good corporate value. Motorola seems to be dynamic in bringing in innovation in terms of new products and incorporating

LITERATURE REVIEW-BILINGUALISM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LITERATURE REVIEW-BILINGUALISM - Essay Example econd language naturally or through instituted learning models; the individual is already a bilingual, or a bilingual is in the process of losing his/her bilingual ability due to infrequency of use of the first language. According to Hermeneus (2001, web) children are usually considered better bilinguals than adults because of their impressive speed and efficiency in acquiring language, observation of other young learners and absorption of the language. Bilingualism generally refers to the ability to "understand and communicate in a second language" and " use it correctly". Bilingual education is usually aimed at making students proficient in the second language as well as in English in multi-ethnic populated countries like the United States, Canada, UK, and Australia where English is the dominant language of instruction and learning (Blaum, 2009, web). Despite such bilingual learning settings, experts such as Ramirez and Shapiro (2006, p.356) are of the view that bilinguals find it hard to compete against monolinguals in academic environment. Despite dramatic increase in bilingual in schools in the United States and the UK, these individuals are failing to achieve the grade level required for general education standards. When compared with monolinguals (usually English speakers) bilinguals are slow in growth rate for expected levels of performance. According to Neuman and Dickinson (2003, p.165) bilinguals often face problems of comprehension, skill development and learning among monolinguals especially in English settings. This is the reason why in some countries bilingual education is encouraged. Neuman and Dickinson (2003, p. 165) consider bilingual education highly important for skill development of bilinguals. The consideration for bilinguals stems from the fact that bilinguals are different in their perception, comprehension and adaptation of academic learning situations. Neuman and Dickinson (2003, p.165) have indicated that children in early education

Effective emerging leader Essay Example for Free

Effective emerging leader Essay It is very important for an effective emerging leader such as me, to become stronger in a stimulating, educationally-rich environment. To become great, a student leader must have many great examples of leadership, teaching and truth. The University of South Florida embodies all of these traits for me, and that is why this university appeals to me in every way. I have had the opportunity not only to practice leadership in middle school as the student body President, but also be the Relay for Life Captain for three years, Yearbook Club Editor, Cross Country Captain and senior Student Government President to finish my high school years. Another advantage I have is the fact that my Aunt Graduated from USF and my mother will be attending USFs School of Education in a couple of years. My Aunt has introduced me to the campus, and through her I have heard about the awesome opportunities and great times that await me. Leadership has always been the role I was meant to assume and effective degree-holding leaders are crucial in our fast paced, ever evolving world. I believe The University of South Florida will teach me how to become such a leader with its world class faculty and all the opportunities Greek life and volunteering affords. In conclusion, leadership traits I have learned from experience, mentors and teachers over the years will truly benefit my USF life and other USF Bulls as well! Whether it is through volunteer opportunities such as Relay for Life, or running for a position on the student Senate, I intend to be a very effective leader at the University of South Florida and leave an everlasting mark of greatness on its campus.

Domestic Violence against Women

Domestic Violence against Women A Comparative Analysis Of Domestic Violence Against Women In Ghana And Uk Abstract Domestic Violence in the UK is widely recognised, accepted, dealt with as an issue. However in Ghana, due to illiteracy, culture, domestic violence is widely not recognised as an issue. There are no measures in place by the government to tackle the issue. The following aims to give a comparative analysis of domestic violence in women in the UK as against women in Ghana. Secondary reports from the police, Charities (NGOs), journals and newspaper issues were used in doing this analysis. Results showed that cases of domestic violence against women in the UK were widespread. There is a social services structure to deal with these issues. Children who are indirectly or directly affected by domestic violence can be identified in most cases and are offered any help or necessary treatment. In Ghana, there are many cultural barriers to first of all getting the message of domestic violence across and secondly being accepted as an infringement of human rights. There are no social structures in place to help these women. NGOs are the equivalent to social services in the UK, but cannot/are not as proactive. They rely on women coming forward and do not/cannot carry out investigations on suspicion of domestic violence. Children, who are directly or indirectly affected, tend to pass through unnoticed. This is due to the fact that culturally, children must be seen and not heard. In other cases, childrens accounts are not believed over the older person out of cultural respect for the adult; such a thing would be considered a taboo. In conclusion, the social workers involvement in women affected by DV and any related children are far more extensive than any involvement in Ghana. All in all, Ghana has a lot to learn and possibly implement in order to tackle the issue of domestic violence in women and children. Introduction This study will look at a comparative of Domestic Violence, hereon referred to as DV, in women in two different countries, Ghana and the UK. I chose to compare these two countries first and foremost because Im a Ghanaian and secondly because I have lived in both countries and currently studying social work in the UK. I have come to know of the social workers involvement with women plagued by DV. I will also include a little on the effect DV has on children in these two countries. It is my intention through this study, to highlight the perception and differences of DV between the two countries and to study the impact of social work(ers) in dealing with DV in these countries. In order to get a better understanding of how DV is perceived in the two countries, I would like to talk about the Demographics focusing on the culture and social standing of Ghana. Ghana Demographics Ghana is a country found in West Africa, located on the Gulf and Guinea and is a few degrees north of the equator, giving it a warm climate. It spans 238, 535 square km and has a population of about 23 million as of 2007. Colonised back in the days by the British, the national language of the land has remained as English till this day. However, out of its ten recognised regions or counties, Ghana has more than 250 indigenous languages spoken. Within these regions and languages, many dialects and cultures also exist. Each ethnic group has its culture and each culture has a way of life. Ghanaians are generally peace loving people. Tradition plays a very important part of the Ghanaians life right from birth (naming and dedication ceremonies), through to Puberty (initiation rites), to marriage (traditional marriage) and death (funeral rites). The legal system however, is a mixture of British law, applicable to criminal cases, and indigenous custom for civil cases. Civil cases that concern customary matters, such as land, inheritance, and marriage, are usually heard by a traditional chief. People are generally wary of the judicial system, which can involve substantial costs and unpredictable outcomes. They usually attempt to handle infractions and resolve disputes informally through personal appeal and mediation. Strong extended family ties tend to exercise a restraint on deviant behavior, and family meetings are often called to settle problems before they become public. Marital disputes are normally resolved by having the couple meet with the wifes uncle or father, who will take on the role of a marriage counsellor and reunite the parties. As culture and traditional customs play a large role, they go along way in defining or influencing acceptance of DV in the Ghanaian society as we shall explore later. Ghana is a low income country with a per capital GDP of only $400 (U.S.) per year. It has many economic and social problems especially in the areas of employment, housing, health, and sanitation. Ghana has an active Non governmental Organization (NGO) sector, with over 900 registered organizations that participate in welfare and development projects in health, education, micro financing, womens status, family planning, child care, and numerous other areas. The longest standing groups have been church-based organizations and the Red Cross. Most are supported by foreign donors. Urban voluntary associations, such as ethnic and occupational unions, also offer important social and economic assistance. The family unit is regarded as an important structure of the community and is held in high regard.

Essay on Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Antigone was a selfless person with pride as a strong characteristic of her personality.   She possibly had feelings of loneliness and anger from the way society has looked upon her family from their past.   It took a strong willed person who has no fear of the repercussions to stand up to a king as she did.   To make everything all the worst she stood up to a king who was her Uncle and she being a female back in those time, standing up and speaking out for herself was not heard of. Having already been through public disgrace, when her own father, Oedipus found out that he was to fulfill a prophecy; he would kill his father and marry his mother, and this caused Antigone to be full of resentment toward her city.   Both of her brothers die in a battle and, Creon, the king of Thebes forbids the burial of one of her brothers, Polynices.   This must have driven Antigone to follow her moral law.   Considering the love she had for her family as well as her God, she felt that you react upon morals not upon the laws of man.   That morale law was to honor her brother and give him the respectful and proper burial that he deserved just as her other brother was given.   The love she had for her family was the only thing she had left to honor.   Ismene, Antigone’s sister was more fearful of the king’s law then the way her heart was leading her.   Her values were slightly distorted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creon finds out that Polynices was buried and this disgusted him so much that his anger was probably bubbling up in the pit of his stomach as if he was on fire.   How could anyone defy him?   What happens with the respect he deserves from his kingdom?   He knew in his mind if something sever was not done about this; his kingdom would not look up to him as he should be looked up to.   Where would he stand in societies eye?   He sent an order to find this person and bring him or her back to face the penalty of death. Antigone was caught and death was the price to pay as ordered by Creon, not to her surprise.   Death to Antigone seemed wanted, it was the only thing left as honor for her.   Haemon, the son of Creon and Antigone’s fiancà © has enough respect for his father that he does not interfere with Creon's decision to put Antigone to death. Essay on Sophocles' Antigone :: Antigone essays Antigone was a selfless person with pride as a strong characteristic of her personality.   She possibly had feelings of loneliness and anger from the way society has looked upon her family from their past.   It took a strong willed person who has no fear of the repercussions to stand up to a king as she did.   To make everything all the worst she stood up to a king who was her Uncle and she being a female back in those time, standing up and speaking out for herself was not heard of. Having already been through public disgrace, when her own father, Oedipus found out that he was to fulfill a prophecy; he would kill his father and marry his mother, and this caused Antigone to be full of resentment toward her city.   Both of her brothers die in a battle and, Creon, the king of Thebes forbids the burial of one of her brothers, Polynices.   This must have driven Antigone to follow her moral law.   Considering the love she had for her family as well as her God, she felt that you react upon morals not upon the laws of man.   That morale law was to honor her brother and give him the respectful and proper burial that he deserved just as her other brother was given.   The love she had for her family was the only thing she had left to honor.   Ismene, Antigone’s sister was more fearful of the king’s law then the way her heart was leading her.   Her values were slightly distorted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creon finds out that Polynices was buried and this disgusted him so much that his anger was probably bubbling up in the pit of his stomach as if he was on fire.   How could anyone defy him?   What happens with the respect he deserves from his kingdom?   He knew in his mind if something sever was not done about this; his kingdom would not look up to him as he should be looked up to.   Where would he stand in societies eye?   He sent an order to find this person and bring him or her back to face the penalty of death. Antigone was caught and death was the price to pay as ordered by Creon, not to her surprise.   Death to Antigone seemed wanted, it was the only thing left as honor for her.   Haemon, the son of Creon and Antigone’s fiancà © has enough respect for his father that he does not interfere with Creon's decision to put Antigone to death.

Lost in Translation by Ewa Hoffman Essay -- Lost in Translation Ewa Ho

Lost in Translation - A Place to Remember As people grow up, there are special places that remain in the memories. These places become a safe haven when life becomes too rough to handle. All the bad qualities of this place disappear in their minds so that only a perfect world exists. This is a place where everything is right and everyday troubles do not exist. In the novel Lost in Translation by Ewa Hoffman, she describes this paradise of sorts as her hometown of Cracow, Poland. Cracow, Poland is where Ewa spent the majority of her childhood up until age fourteen when she emigrated to the Canada with her mother, father, and younger sister Alina. Although she only spent fourteen years there, this place became a magical entrapment for her. In Cracow, Ewa...

Hate Crime Essay -- Violence Racism Hate Crimes Essays

Hate Crime   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Violence motivated by a bias against victims’ characteristics which include race, religion, ethnic background, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation, represents a serious threat to all communities. Experts estimate that a bias-related crime is committed every 14 minutes. Criminal justice officials and state policy makers need to realize that it is key to make or adjust hate crime legislation. This has been a heated debate for centuries. The key to solving the ever-growing problem of hate crimes is more hate crime legislation. The first legislative efforts to address bias-related crimes, dated back to the late 19th century, which was a response to the expanding Ku Klux Klan and segregation in the south. Such laws included mandates against wearing masks and hoods. The next wave of legislation relating to hate crimes resulted from the movement for increased protection for civil rights in the face of widespread racial prejudice shown by segregated buildings and restricted access to public and private resources. The most recent legislation has been directed specifically to acts of hate against people of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, etc. The Local Law Enforcement Enhancement Act, S. 625, also known as the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hate Crime Prevention Act, if enacted would strengthen current law as it relates to hate crimes motivated by a victim’s race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, disability, etc. Hate crimes are not only destructive to the victims and their families, but damaging to the victims families and friends. It also is very damaging to our American ideals. America stands and shines for diversity and equality. In a way hate crimes are not only threatening to the individual being attacked but to America as a whole. Last year, Congress had the chance to pass strong hate crimes legislation. On June 19,2000, the Local Law Enforcement Enhancement Act of 2000 was approved by the senate as an amendment to the defense authorization bill. People who act on hate need to know their punishment will be severe and harsh. Hate crimes threaten the safety of many citizens and in a way disrupts the entire communitie. Hate crimes can not be tolerated. Hate crimes are a harsh reality in the United States. The reason it is so hard to come to a c... ...t walking down the street and being themselves. The examples are endless. The fight against hate crimes on the national and local levels must get more aggressive. We, as a nation, must act now. Under existing federal law, a person or group of convicted of crimes against someone who was targeted â€Å" because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability or sexual orientation† faces stiffer federal penalties than those provided under state law. The proposed legislation would eliminate the current requirement that the government prove the perpetrator’s intent. Instead, federal prosecutors could go after hate crimes without proving that the perpetrator was motivated by prejudice. More hate crime legislation will help give victims increased protection, keep streets safer and increased punishment for vicious criminals who base their attacks on hate and bias. More hate crime legislation will give criminals who commit these terrible crimes the punishment they deserve, while it gives innocent victims the peace of mind to know that justice will be done. No matter what happens in Congress, 42 states are already prosecuting hate crimes.

Two-Wheeler Automobile Industry in India

TWO-WHEELER AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA By group IX, MBA ‘Sec A’ Submitted to : Submitted by : Mrs. Smitha Nayak Anooj Balachandra Chandrakanti Shatrudra Saurabh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe satisfaction and joy that accompanies the successful completion of a task is incomplete without mentioning the name of the person who extended her help and support in making it a success. We are greatly indebted to Mrs. Smitha Nayak , our Project Guide and Mentor for devoting her valuable time and efforts towards our project. We thank her for being a constant source of knowledge, inspiration and help during this period of making project.GROUP IX Anooj Balachandra Chandrakanti Shatrudra Saurabh TABLE OF CONTENT * Objective of the project * Introduction to Indian automobile industry * BCG matrix representation of automobile sector among various sectors * Overview of two-wheeler sector Fleet composition of all vehicles * Two-wheeler fleet composition in India * Structure of two-wheeler indus try * Usage pattern of two-wheeler in India * Key players in two wheeler industry * Introduction & Product mix Hero Honda & Bajaj (competitor) * 4 P’s of marketing of Hero Honda * Market segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of Hero Honda. * Porters five force model for Hero Honda * SWOT analysis of Hero Honda (Karizma) * SWOT analysis of Bajaj (Pulsar) * Comparison of advertising strategy of Hero Honda and Bajaj * Future challenges ,Plans and SuggestionsOBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:- The main objectives of the Project study are: * Detailed analysis of Automobile industry which is gearing towards international standards. * To conduct market research with regard to two-wheeler automobile industry and understand its marketing strategies. * Analyze the impact of qualitative factors on industry’s and company’s prospects * Comparative analysis of major tough competitor. * To understand the current trends in two-wheeler automobile industry. INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN AUTOMO BILE INDUSTRY Automobile is one of the largest industries in global market.Being the leader in product and process technologies in the manufacturing sector, it has been recognized as one of the drivers of economic growth. During the last decade, well directed efforts have been made to provide a new look to the automobile policy for realizing the sector's full potential for the economy. Aggressive marketing by the auto finance companies have also played a significant role in boosting automobile demand, especially from the population in the middle income group. A Nations economy is well known from its transport system.For instant and rapid growth in economy, a well-developed and well-networked transportation system is essential. As India's transport network is developing at a fast pace, Indian Automobile Industry is growing too. Also, the Automobile industry has strong backward and forward linkages and hence provides employment to a large section of the population. Thus the role of Au tomobile Industry is very essential in Indian economy. Various types of vehicles are manufactured by the Automobile Industry. Indian Automobile Industry includes the manufacturing of trucks, buses, passenger cars, defence vehicles, two-wheelers.The two-wheeler manufacturing is dominated by companies like TVS, Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India (Pvt. ) Ltd. , Hero Honda, Yamaha, Bajaj, etc. The automobile industry in the country is one of the key sectors of the economy in terms of the employment opportunities that it offers. The industry directly employs close to around 0. 2 million people and indirectly employs around 10 million people. The prospects of the industry also has a bearing on the auto-component industry which is also a major sector in the Indian economy directly employing 0. 25 million people.BCG Matrix Representation of Automobile Sector among various Sectors:- In an economy, different industries are present and different industries have different growth rate as compared to the growth of the economy. In an economy, there are a number of major industries and they all occupy different positions in the BCG matrix according to their growth and contribution towards the economy. In the Indian economy, some of the major sectors are FMCG, automobiles, banking and insurance, steel, telecom, software, pharmacology and retail sectors and these can be placed in the different positions in the matrix as shown below:INDUSTRY BCG MATRIX AUTOMOBILES Market Growth Rate High Banking & Insurance Software STARS | QUESTION MARKS Retail Telecom | CASH COWS Low FMCG | DOGS | High Low Relative market share BCG matrix is used to determine the relative position of the companies of an industry or different SBU’s of any institution, in terms of the market growth rate and the market share of the company in the industry. In the Indian automobile sector, the major players are Maruti Suzuki Limited, General motors, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Hero Honda and Bajaj aut o.In the BCG matrix, the companies are placed in one of the following four categories: Star, Cash Cows, Dogs and Question marks. In the Stars we place the companies with high market growth and high market share, cash cows are the companies who have low market growth rate and high relative market share, the category of the question marks include the companies with low relative market share and high market growth rate and dogs include the companies who have low relative market share and low market growth rate. OVERVIEW OF TWO WHEELER SECTOR Two Wheeler IndustryIndian two -wheeler contributes the largest volumes amongst all the segments in automobile industry. This segment can be broadly categorized into 3 sub-segments viz. ; scooters, motorcycles and mopeds. In the last four to five years, the two-wheeler market has witnessed a marked shift towards motorcycles at the expense of scooters. In the rural areas, consumers have come to prefer sturdier bikes to withstand the bad road conditi ons. In the process the share of motorcycle segment has grown from 48% to 58%, the share of scooters declined drastically from 33% to 25%, while that of mopeds declined by 2% from 19% to 17% during the year 2008-09.The Euro emission norms effective from April 2000 led to the existing players in the two- stroke segment to install catalytic converters. All the new models are now being replaced by 4-stroke motorcycles. Excise duty on motorcycles has been reduced from 32% to 24%, resulting in price reduction, which has aided in propelling the demand for motorcycles. Within the two-wheeler industry, motorcycle segment grew at a phenomenally high rate of 35% as against a deceleration of 3% for scooters and 27% for mopeds. In fact, motorcycle has been taking away the share of scooters and mopeds in a 4. million two-wheeler market and surging ahead with its market share of 68%. The increasing demand from semi-urban and rural segments may have caused this positive shift towards motorcycles. Also, easy credit coupled with low interest rate regime, constrained personal transport, increasing income levels in middle class and higher aspirations of young people all seem to be the factors responsible for such high growth in two-wheelers. The growth in two-wheelers has been robust enough to counter the slowdown and other factors constraining the overall business activity in the country.Also, rationalization of excise duty in the Union Budget 2002-03 had a positive impact on the demand for motorcycles. We also expect the motorcycles to continue to lead the two-wheeler segment like in all other Asian countries. Available forecasts suggest that this trend would continue for another couple of years and the industry would record nearly double-digit average annual growth up to 2006. During the year, there have been important developments in two-wheeler industry. The competition has strengthened though there are hardly any new entrants into the industry.There is an increasing emphas is on price and this has led to cost cutting efforts all across the industry, thereby, making the customer an ultimate beneficiary. The trend also saw introduction of new motorcycles with capacity ranging from 100 to 180cc bikes. We anticipate that many more new models will be launched during the year and provide customers plenty of choice at competitive prices. Businesses cannot consistently grow at 25-30 per cent. Each business has a tendency to taper and plateau after attaining a particular size. An annual growth rate of 10-12 per cent over a period of time is extremely healthy.The TCS study rankings are conducted at the motorcycle segment-level to provide comparisons among similar groups of motorcycles. Motorcycles ranking highest in their respective segments for TCS are: Hero Honda CD100 SS (best standard motorcycle segment); Hero Honda Splendor (best executive motorcycle segment); Bajaj Pulsar (best premium motorcycle segment); and Royal Enfield Bullet Electra (best cruiser mo torcycle segment). The feeling of freedom and being one with the Nature comes only from riding a two wheeler. Indians prefer the two wheelers because of their small manageable size, low maintenance, and pricing and easy loan repayments.Indian streets are full of people of all age groups riding a two wheeler. Motorized two wheelers are seen as a symbol of status by the populace. Two wheelers in India are the second largest producer and manufacturer of two-wheelers in the world. It stands next only to Japan and China in terms of the number of two-wheelers produced and domestic sales respectively. Indian two-wheeler industry has got spectacular growth in the last few years. Indian two-wheeler industry had a small beginning in the early 50's. The Automobile Products of India (API) started manufacturing scooters in the country.Bikes are a major segment of Indian two wheeler industry, the other two being scooters and mopeds. Indian companies are among the largest two-wheeler manufacturers in the world. In the initial stages, the scooter segment was dominated by API; it was later overtaken by Bajaj Auto. Although various government and private enterprises entered the fray for scooters, the only new player that has lasted till today is LML. The motorcycle segment was initially dominated by Enfield 350cc bikes and Escorts 175cc bike. The two-wheeler market was opened to foreign competition in the mid-80s.And the then market leaders – Escorts and Enfield – were caught unaware by the onslaught of the 100cc bikes of the four Indo-Japanese joint ventures. With the availability of fuel efficient low power bikes, demand swelled, resulting in Hero Honda – then the only producer of four stroke bikes (100cc category), gaining a top slot. The first Japanese motorcycles were introduced in the early eighties. TVS Suzuki and Hero Honda brought in the first two-stroke and four-stroke engine motorcycles respectively. These two players initially started with assem bly of CKD kits, and later on progressed to indigenous manufacturing.In the 90s the major growth for motorcycle segment was brought in by Japanese motorcycles, which grew at a rate of nearly 25% CAGR in the last five years. The industry had a smooth ride in the 50s, 60s and 70s when the Government prohibited new entries and strictly controlled capacity expansion. The industry saw a sudden growth in the 80s. The industry witnessed a steady growth of 14% leading to a peak volume of 1. 9mn vehicles in 1990. In 1990, the entire automobile industry saw a drastic fall in demand. This resulted in a decline of 15% in 1991 and 8% in 1992, resulting in a production loss of 0. mn vehicles. Barring Hero Honda, all the major producers suffered from recession in FY93 and FY94. Hero Honda showed a marginal decline in 1992. The reasons for recession in the sector were the incessant rise in fuel prices, high input costs and reduced purchasing power due to significant rise in general price level and credit crunch in consumer financing. Factors like increased production in 1992, due to new entrants coupled with the recession in the industry resulted in company either reporting losses or a fall in profits. Two wheeler fleet composition in India:- STRUCTURE OF TWO WHEELER INDUSTRY Mopeds:- Over the last 15 years, moped’s contribution in overall 2-wheelers has declined significantly and now it remains a marginal category with just one manufacturer for the product. Its contribution in the 2-wheelers industry now stands at 5% and we expect that this segment will continue to be marginalised. The only player in this segment is TVS Motor. * Scooters:- Advent of fuel efficient motorcycles in the Indian 2-wheelers industry led to decline of Scooters. However, over the last five years, it has made a recovery and is emerging as a niche segment targeted towards women commuters.One of the reasons for this is the increasing need of mobility for the women commuters especially in the urba n areas is due to higher number of college going girls and greater participation of women in urban work force. The product itself has gone for a complete revamp and now this category mainly consists of gearless products. This segment is now dominated by Japanese manufacturers with HMSI having the leadership. HH, which is a late entrant in this segment, has also cornered a sizeable market share in the scooter segment. Another development in this segment is the launch of battery operated scooters.However, given the high replacement cost for the batteries, this has remained a marginal segment. * Motor cycles and bikes:- * Executive Segment Executive segment is the largest motorcycle segment and this is the stronghold of market leader HH. Competitors have tried to challenge HH in this segment, however all such challenges have fizzled out over time. With higher growth in economy segment, the contribution of this segment had come below 50% in FY06. However over the last three years, it ha s made a strong come back and now accounts for almost 60% of the motorcycle share. * Premium SegmentThis segment was creation of HH with ‘CBZ' And ‘KARIZMA’; however major boost to the segment was given by BAJAJ through ‘Pulsar' which has dominated the segment. HH has remained a marginal player in this segment and one of the reasons for this is presence of HMSI in this segment. This segment remains a small segment in the Indian market with contribution of around 23% to the motorcycle industry. This is the performance segment and customers pay a premium for the novelty. Hence constant upgradation in the product is a requisite for success in this segment. Usage Pattern of two-wheelers in IndiaIs quite different from other countries * Initial cost and fuel economy are highest priority. * Low maintenance costs are desired. * Small entrepreneurs and farmers conduct their business carrying loads. * Very limited usage for sports bike. * Indians prefer the two wheel ers because of their small manageable size, low maintenance, and pricing and easy loan repayments. Key players in the Two-wheeler industry: * Hero Honda motors ltd. * Bajaj auto ltd. * TVS motors company ltd. * Yamaha motors India * Honda motorcycle and scooters India Motorcycles in India: Bikes comprise a major segment of Indian two wheeler industry.Companies : Hero Honda Motors Ltd (HHML ) Hero Honda Motors Limited was established in 1984, as a joint venture between India's Hero Group (world's largest bicycle manufacturers) and Japan's Honda Motor Company. And created the world's single largest two wheeler company and also one of the most successful joint ventures worldwide. During the 80s, Hero Honda became the first company in India. Over 19 million Hero Honda two wheelers running on Indian roads today. * Hero Honda CD Dawn * Hero Honda CD Deluxe * Hero Honda Glamour * Hero Honda Glamour-Fi * Hero Honda Karizma * Hero Honda Passion Plus Hero Honda Pleasure * Hero Honda Super Spl endor * Hero Honda Splendor NXG * Hero Honda CBZ X-Treme Bajaj Auto Ltd Company : Bajaj is the first Indian two wheeler automobile company in the market since 1945 with the name M/s Bacharj trading corporation private limited. In 1959 M/s Bacharj trading corporation private limited change its name as Bajaj Auto Ltd. Bajaj Auto obtains license from the Government of India to manufacture two- and three-wheelers vehicles in 1959. * Bajaj Avenger * Bajaj CT 100 * Bajaj Platina * Bajaj Discover DTSi * Bajaj Pulsar DTSi * Bajaj Wave * Bajaj Wind 125 * Sonic DTSiTVS Motor Company : TVS Motors is the third largest company in the two-wheeler industry with a market share of 16%. Infect, it is the only Indian company without a foreign collaboration in the two-wheeler industry. When the company opted out of the collaboration with Suzuki in 2002, many believed that TVS was headed towards extinction. But the company proved the doomsayers wrong and came out with a very successful `TVS Victor'. TVS Motors Ltd. originally incorporated in 1982 to manufacture two-wheelers in collaboration with Suzuki Motors of Japan, TVS was one of the leaders in two-wheeler industry. TVS Apache * TVS Centra * TVS Fiero * TVS Star * TVS Victor Yamaha Motor India: Yamaha Motor Corporation is the auto mobile company of Japan (1953) which works in India since 1955 and providing latest technology in India from last two decades. Yamaha Motor India was incorporated in august 2001 as a 100% subsidiary of Yamaha motor corporation, Japan * Yamaha CruxS * Yamaha G5 * Yamaha Gladiator * Yamaha FZ 16 * Yamaha R15 * Yamaha Fazer Honda motor: Honda motors of Japan is not a new name in the two wheeler scenario in the country, they were in a tie up with the Firodias owned Kinetic group.However in the late 90s they parted ways after problems arose over issues like introduction of new models, advertising expenditure, marketing strategies and other related issues. In the mid 80 Honda motors of Japan joined hands w ith the largest bicycle maker of India the Hero cycles to create Hero Honda which in a couple of decades or so have gone on to become the single largest motorcycle company in the world. Though Honda has come on its own on the Indian market yet it will be providing technological support to Hero Honda for the next ten years.Thus presenting a unique situation in which the company will be in direct competition with the company which it has been associated for nearly two decades. Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India limited, a 100% subsidiary of Honda motor company Japan eventually entered the Indian market with Honda Unicorn in 2004. * Honda Unicorn * Honda activa Now further the marketing strategies of HERO HONDA and its competitor BAJAJ will be analyzed. HERO HONDA * The Company was Incorporated on 19th January,1984 at New Delhi as a joint venture. Today Hero Honda is the largest two-wheeler manufacturer in the world producing more than 3 million units of two-wheeler per year. * The c ompany's most popular model is the Hero Honda Splendour, which is the world's largest-selling motorcycle. * Over 19 million Hero Honda two wheelers are on Indian roads today. * Hero Honda CD-100 is the first four stroke motorcycle to be introduced in India in 100cc range. * During the fiscal year 2008-09, the company has sold 3. 28 million bikes. PRODUCT MIX SCOOTER| BIKE 100CC| 125CC| 150CC| 220CC| PLEASURE| CD 100SPLENDORSPLENDOR+PASSIONPASSION+| AMBITIONGLAMOR| CBZCBZ XTREME| KARIZMA|BAJAJ (COMPETITOR) * Established in 1945. * Started production of scooters in 1961 and became first two wheeler manufacturing company of India. * Bajaj Auto, is ranked as the world's fourth largest two and three- wheeler manufacturer. * Bajaj Auto is India’s largest exporter of two wheelers. * During 2008-09, the company exported 772,519 two and three-wheelers recording a growth of 25 percent over 2007-08. * Exports now constitute 37 per cent in volume terms and 35 per cent IN value of net sal es. PRODUCT MIX 100CC| 125CC| 135CC| 150CC| 180CC| 200CC| 220CC| BAJAJ CT 100, BAJAJ PLTINIA, BAJAJ WAVE DISCOVER,BAJAJ WIND,BAJAJ XCD| PULSAR-135| PULSAR-150| PULSAR-180,AVENGER| PULSAR-200| PULSAR-220| 4 P’s OF MARKETING OF HERO HONDA :- PRODUCT Hero Honda, which has a technology tie-up with Japan's Honda Motors, was currently discussing the feasibility of manufacturing scooters for the Indian market, Mr. Munjal said. However, the company has a binding clause with Honda's scooter manufacturing Indian subsidiary, preventing it from making scooters till 2004. Hero Honda Motors, India's largest motorcycle company, has launched the premium segment 223cc motorcycle Karizma priced at Rs 79,000 (ex-showroom, Delhi).Many of the products which the company has started with have been phased off. Now the existing products are Karizma, Ambition, CBZ, Splendor, Splendor+, Passion, Passion Plus, CD 100 SS, CD 100 and CD Dawn. The TCS study examines customer evaluations at three distinct o wnership periods: 1 to 6 months, 7 to 18 months, and 25 to 36 months. This helps in understanding the differences in satisfaction during initial ownership, in-warranty and post-warranty ownership periods. Satisfaction ratings decline as the length of vehicle ownership increases.However, Hero Honda Splendor is among the few models to maintain consistency across the three ownership periods. PRICING Pricing is a important component of marketing mix of the firm. Determining the prices of different products of a firm is very difficult task of the marketing manager. Price denotes money value of a product. If represent the amount of money for which a product can be exchange. In other words, prices represents the money which the buyer pays to the seller for a product price represent the exchange value of goods and services in terms of money. Price is all around.Price factor has very well been touched by the manufacturers. The pricing strategy of the company is very set. They price their pro duct according to the cost of production and also by keeping an eye on the price of the competitors of that segment and demand of the product in the market. A pricing strategy that ensured an average manufacturer margin that game dealer an adequate return and created a reputation with consumers like â€Å"a company selling a good quality product at a reasonable price. Industry focus themselves the low cost producer with good quality and aimed to maintain the price advantage in every market of two wheelers.Hero Honda group ensures an easily affordable pricing through excellent transportation to common man. It fixes customer centric pricing that provide customer total satisfaction. Hero Honda’s pricing objectives are: List price, Discount, Financing schemes, Credit terms, and Maximize profits Hero Honda group ensures an easily affordable pricing through excellent transportation to common man. It fixes customer centric pricing that provides the customer with total satisfaction. PLACE CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION: As a company, dealers play a major role in serving customers, while growing and sustaining markets.Hero Honda has a network of more than 3500 strong and dedicated Authorized dealers. A network that has helped Hero Honda’s name and its promise of reliable quality to every part of the country. The power of this highly efficient and motivated network goes a long way to create goodwill for Hero Honda brand among countless consumers besides creating availability and after sales services. The channel of distribution is a direct dealer network. A direct dealer is a dealer who is authorized to purchase the product directly from the company and sell. PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION: Hero Honda has more than 3500 showrooms in India.Some of the Authorized dealers of Hero Honda Karizma, in and around Bombay, are: †¢ Max Motors (Bombay) †¢ F. P. Motors (Bombay) †¢ Axis Motors (Thane) †¢ Ranjeet Motors (Thane) †¢ Ahir Motors (Kalyan) †¢ Spectra Motors (New Bombay) †¢ H. M. Motors (Panvel) PROMOTION Promotional tools 1. ADVERTISING: It is defined as a paid non-personal communication with a target (usually mass) market. It is cost effective and can reach a large number of people. It can also be used for long term or short term objectives. There are various forms or mediums through which can advertise. A. Broadcast Media: * Television * Radio * Cinema B. Print media: Newspapers * Magazines * Leaflets C. Outdoor media: * Posters and billboards. 2. PUBLIC RELATIONS AN PUBLICITY: Public relations are an umbrella term and refer to the totality of the organization’s behavior with respect to the society in which it operates. The maybe regarded as good or bad and is reflected in the company’s reputation and image. 3. SPONSORSHIP: Sponsorship can be seen as a part of public relations and it is certainly the case that some sponsorship goes on to generate positive publicity for the organization. The company h as not left any stone untamed in sponsoring the major events both globally and domestically.The biggest of all is the sponsorship of the â€Å"WORLD CUP† for which Hero Honda has the credit of being the only two-wheeler company in the world to do so. Recently they are sponsoring the Hockey World cup. Besides this, the company has also sponsored events like â€Å"Master Golf†, television academy awards, etc, Thus the company has gained a lot of reputation by doing so. 4. DISCOUNTS/OFFERS: The company has started giving discounts and other offers to the customers on the purchase of a new bike, for instance, with the World Cup offer, in which the consumer was to get a 1 gm gold coin with every purchase.But after all these schemes and benefits may be because of cut-throat competition in the segment with heavyweight competition such as Bajaj, kinetic, Yamaha, and TVS the company (HERO HONDA) officially says: â€Å"Our aim is to proactively and consistently deliver value to the customer. We are giving back to the customer after becoming successful. Most companies give discounts only when their products are not doing well in the market. There is lost of competition in the segment, especially from Bajaj.But the reason for Hero Honda’s success it that we are consumer-focused while other companies such as Bajaj tends to be more competitor-focused. 5. Test ride and Road show PROMOTION POLICY: * Company gives advertisement in different media vehicles time to time. Like in TV. Magazines, newspaper, etc. * Hero Honda also organizes free service camps every year. * Hero Honda also takes art in trade fair. * Hero Honda with the help of ICICI Bank provides loan to the customers & also provide easy monthly installment scheme to customers. * Hero Honda gives huge commission to their dealers.Advertisement, local events sponsorship and promotions and inviting a prominent personality for the inaugural or first like delivery function would contribute effectivel y in generating a wider local interest and attention. Hero Honda’s latest DKD –2 commercial its two brand starring its Ambassador and India’s heart throbs, Hritik Roshan and Sourav Ganguly, truly reflects the multi fact roles that today’s new generation plays. The commercial reflecting the charisma and vibrancy of these two stars, takes Desh Ki Dhadkan to dazzling new heights. It is young, colorful and vibrant and represents the icons of contemporary times.And it will go a long way in strengthening the leadership status of the product by the mile. The new commercial is powerful film repeat with an impressive storyline. The effort to pack the story, drama and impact in just 60 seconds was phenomenal challenge itself. The idea was born itself. The idea was born out of the very essence of â€Å"Hero and Stars†. Keeping in mind would cause on the drama and impact it would cause on the audience. It is a commercial packed with action where today’s heart throbs, Hritik and saurav, are seen tackling new roles.The story being in a field adjoining a hill with two cool men, Hritik and Sourav on Hero Honda bikes and Passion respectively. Both Sameer and Aditya win lifetime opportunity act with Hritik and Sourav, the two star heartthrobs of millions in India and all four will be seen in action in the new commercial DKD-2. These are some of the Slogan for every product (Bike) and these are following:- CD-100:Fill it, shut it, Forget it. CD100SS:Tough and Rugged. Splendor :Designed to Excel. Street Smart:License to enjoy. Passion:When style matters, Bike born in studio not in factory.CBZ:Motorcycling Unplugged. MARKET SEGMENTATION OF HERO HONDA * Demographic Segmentation * Income: HERO HONDA products are offered to the public taking into consideration all the income groups in the society. * Age: The main segmented group for the motorcycle are 18 years and above. * Occupation: All kinds of people are taken into account. Students, prof essionals, Govt. Servants, etc. * Geographic Segmentation: The potential customers are basically from every regions of India. * Psychographic segmentation:People purchasing bikes are very economical, quality, brand conscious and loyality. Behavioral segmentation:This segmentation is done considering user status, benefit wise. TARGETING AND POSITIONING OF HERO HONDA TARGETING The proposed targeting people in the age group of 18 years and above with a average monthly income of approximately Rs. 10,000 and above, who are brand loyal and who are either students or retired individuals or may be employed as professionals, government servants or having their own business, but mostly male i. e on the different stratas of the population. POSITIONING The image that Hero Honda creates in the mind of the customers is the faith. The add shown by it says â€Å"Desh ki Dhadkan†.That means it’s a member of the Indian family. It represents the Indian culture and society. The objectives can be achieved through the implementation of suitable marketing strategy by the organisation. It is the marketing logic that is formulated keeping in mind the needs of the consumers and also strategies of the competitors. Porters five force model for Hero Honda:- Bargaining Power of suppliers: Suppliers of auto components are fragmented and are extremely critical for this industry since most of the component work is outsourced. Proper supply chain management is a costly yet critical need. Bargaining Power of Buyer:Buyers in automobile market have more choice to choose from and the increasing competition is driving the bargaining power of customers uphill. With more models to choose from in almost all categories, the market forces have empowered the buyers to a large extent. Competitive rivalry: The industry rivalry is extremely high with any product being matched in a few months by competitor. This instinct of the industry is primarily driven by the technical capabilities acquired over years of gestation under the technical collaboration with international players. Threat of substitute Products: There is no perfect substitute to this industry.Also, if there is any substitute to a two-wheeler, Bajaj has presence in it. Cars, which again are a mode of transport, do never directly compete or come in consideration while selecting a two-wheeler, cycles do never even compete with the low entry level moped for even this choice comes at a comparatively higher economic potential. Threat of new entrantsHere the threat of new depends on the economies of scale of the cost of production, and customer switching costs, access to industry distribution channels. | | S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS OF HERO HONDA (KARIZMA):- STRENGTH: †¢ It has a good speed and sporty look Karizma is the First bike in India launched under Sports Bike Segment. †¢ Loyal Customer Base: In the past four years, Karizma has been successful in building up a good and loyal base among its customers. â⠂¬ ¢ After Sales Service: Till today, customers are satisfied with the after sales service provided by Hero Honda for this particular product. †¢ Refinement, comfort, great handling and that much-sought-after big bike feel are all available on the Karizma. †¢ Brand Recall: the name Karizma itself is a metaphor to its success. The brand Karizma has given a good platform to this product in the Sports Bike Segment. WEAKNESS: High Maintenance: The maintenance of Karizma is high as compared to its biggest competitor Bajaj Pulsar 200cc and 220cc. †¢ Fuel Efficiency: The pulsar 200cc offers an impressive mileage of 38. 3kpl in city and 42. 4kpl in highway against the Karizma offers only 30kpl in city and a decent figure of 45kpl in highway. †¢ Less Promotion: the promotions and ads of Karizma are very less as compared to its competitors. OPPORTUNITIES: †¢ If Hero Honda comes up with the idea of changing some features of Karizma, like self cancelling indicators, sof t touch handle bar and digital speedometer, it will help them to boost up the sales of Karizma. If they are able to improvise the fuel efficiency of Karizma, it will be a golden opportunity to take over the market. THREATS: †¢ The major threat faced by Hero Honda Karizma is from Bajaj Pulsar, who has always been the market leader in the 150 plus segment with 60% market share. †¢ Karizma’s strong competitors Bajaj and TVS, in 150 cc plus segment, already posses certain features like self-controlling indicators, soft touch handle bar which Karizma lacks. †¢ The competitor Pulsar 200cc has already come up with oil cooled engine which delivers maximum power.This is again a major threat to Karizma. S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS OF BAJAJ (PULSAR 220cc) STRENGTHS: †¢ Pulsar 220cc features India’s First Oil Cooled Engine which delivers maximum power making it most powerful engine offered by Bajaj. †¢ New Pulsar also provides Digital Speedometer, Self Canceling Indicators which is for the First time in this segment in India. †¢ Fuel efficiency: Pulsar 220cc delivers an impressive mileage of 38. 2 kmpl in city as compared to Karizma which delivers 30 kmpl in city. †¢ Customer Base: In past decade Bajaj has established a strong base amongst its customers.WEAKNESS: †¢ Style and Design: PULSAR 200cc and 220cc derives their styling from there previous version Pulsar 150 Dts-i and 180 Dts-i. †¢ Pricing; Bajaj 220cc (Rs 82449 basic price) is costlier than karizma(Rs 78000 basic price) OPPORTUNITIES: †¢ If they derive new styling, shape, design for pulsar 200cc and 220cc then they can attract more customers. †¢ Taking into consideration the reviews of the customers regarding the â€Å"fairing† of 220cc and making the needful changes will be an opportunity to capture an even larger share of the 200cc+ segment THREATS: The biggest threat is faced from the goodwill of Karizma in this segment who is the â€Å"Four -Stroke Two Wheeler Ruler† of the Indian bike market. †¢ Certain technical faults in the bike design which are potentially dangerous to the rider’s safety can be disastrous to the image of the bike. COMPARISION OF ADVERTISING STRATEY OF HERO HONDA AND BAJAJ ADVERTISING STRATEGY OF HERO HONDA:- Currently the number one company in terms of sales and has been dominant in the two-wheeler segment since the past decade. Since the inception of hero Honda, the company has been using television as a major role for its publicity.Though hero Honda was dominant in sales it lacked the skills of creating a spectacular ad till now. Though it had a vast range of mobiles, its advertising strategy was not up to the mark. For its publicity hero Honda has been using many famous celebrities like Saurav Ganguly, the captain of Indian cricket team, Hritik Roshan and other famous personalities as their brand ambassadors. Thus, hero Honda has been spending huge amounts on its publicity. Th e biggest of all is the sponsorship of the â€Å"WORLD CUP† for which Hero Honda has the credit of being the only two-wheeler company in the world to do so.Presently they have tried to gain publicity by sponsoring the hockey world cup event which is the national game of India. There by creating a sense oneness and Nationalism through providing publicity and encouragement to the game by various ad’s. | By sponsoring the hockey wprld cup event ,which is a national game of india| | | ADVERTISING STRATEGY OF BAJAJ:- Bajaj is always known for its outstanding ads over the period of time. Since its inception, Bajaj has come out with variety of ads and were always successful in their advertisements. Scooters were well known by the brand name of Bajaj.Be it any scooter, one used to recognize it by the brand name Bajaj. This was the identity a decade ago which the Bajaj has still maintained. Bajaj is always known for its ads without well-known brand ambassadors which is again a plus point to its cart as it saves a huge cost in terms of brand ambassadors unlike Hero Honda and TVS. Prior, Bajaj used to convey the feeling of ‘Indianness’ in its ads. With a punch line ‘Hamara Bajaj’ Bajaj drove into everybody’s hearts and the title song of ‘Naye Bharat Ki Naye Tasveer’ added a great value to its mobikes and scooters.A couple of years back, Bajaj had introduced an advertisement which promoted all the different ranges it had, wherein they had shown each product they had with a feeling of Indianness. Example: Eliminator passes-by a rangoli and drives slowly sideways without disturbing it. People on boxer pass-by a temple and bend their head to give a little offering. Such ads had revealing Indian culture had a great effect on Indians and Bajaj was successful in most of its ads. But recently, Bajaj had changed its brand logo along with its punch line i. e. ‘Hamara Bajaj’ got converted to ‘Inspiring C onfidence’.The reason for this change as told by the company officials was to keep pace with the new technologies in the fast moving world. Even though it had changed its punch line, it didn’t have much effect on its brand image. A year back, Bajaj introduced DTSi technology upgrading its always successful PULSAR 150cc and 180cc. Though Bajaj had changed its identity it still dominates for its creativity in ads. Future Challenges and Plans:- * Sustaining the growth rate. * Need for innovation – low cost/ hybrid vehicles. * Upgrading Indian two-wheeler products. * Taking the products to the global market. * Capturing Indian as well as global market.Suggestions:- * Encourage exports. * Provide various two-wheeler financing schemes among manufacturers. * Open R&D centers. * Pressurize government to reduce taxes and duties. * Collaborate with global players. Conclusion :- The outlook for India’s automotive sector is highly promising. In view of current growth trends and prospect of continuous economic growth of over 6 per cent, all segments of the auto industry are likely to see continued growth. Large infrastructure development projects underway in India combined with favourable government policies will also drive automotive growth in the next few years.

Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Essay

I belong to the White ethnic group which was responsible for the colonization of North America. While I am part of the White ethnic group, my family immigrated to the United States from Germany quite some time after the major colonization of North America. When most people think about the colonization of North America they think of White people on the Mayflower landing on Plymouth Rock. While the pilgrims did colonize what is now referred to as New England, the Spanish were actually the first to colonize North America. No matter who first colonized North America, this colonization caused an influx of immigrants that asserted their dominance over the native people. This colonization was also the root cause of slavery being introduced to this â€Å"New World†. Pilgrims are most notably identified as coming to North America to escape religious persecution. The ironic part of the colonization is that the pilgrims forced their religion on those native to North America. It is important to note that this may be one of the first indications of future ethnic and racial problems that would caused by the colonization of North America. I don’t think people normally think about racism happening to Caucasians. Unfortunately it is very common for racism to happen to all ethnic groups in the U. S. Caucasian racism and prejudice against other ethnic and racial groups always seem to get the most publicity. It would be better to broaden our view of prejudice and racism so that we could get the whole story. I think that the Caucasian group had brought most of this negative attention on itself. Historically the U. S. has been dominated by Caucasians, which means this group doesn’t have as much to worry about restrictions due to ethnicity or racial group. If we break down the Caucasian group even further we can see that this is even truer for the males, which I am, of this group. Male Caucasians have long been the dominant force in U. S. society. The majority of restrictions placed on females and ethnic groups have been enforced by Male Caucasians. The most notable Caucasian discrimination has been against African Americans. African Americans were largely used for slave labor during the beginning of the U. S. Going from slave to equal isn’t easy, in both occurrence and acceptance from the former dominant or controlling group. This dominant position can be seen as a major reason why the view of discrimination is still focused on Caucasians. Since the Caucasian males of the past have put restrictions on most other ethnic groups, this wrong was attempted to be â€Å"undone† by Affirmative Action laws (Fullinwider, Robert). While most people see Affirmative Action as being helpful, it has also caused discrimination against Caucasian males. Some government agencies require a quota on hiring certain ethnic groups (this included female Caucasians). This can cause a job candidate that has hirer qualifications to be passed over just to fulfill a quota. I have seen this happen to my father while he was applying for a firefighter/EMT position. You can easily see the Caucasian male dominance by noticing the â€Å"dual labor market† effect. I see it more as a â€Å"multiple labor market† since I would also include female Caucasians as another labor market. Immigrants from Mexico often enter into a portion of this multiple labor market, most notably the farming community. Whether it is farming, manual labor, or the lower-end service sector it seems that it seems more acceptable to Caucasians for other ethnic groups to occupy these types of jobs. When the other ethnic groups occupy positions normally held by Caucasian males, we often see a limitation in their ability to progress in that profession (â€Å"glass ceiling†). If you look at the breakdown of people who run companies you will see this is dominated by Caucasians males, followed by males of the other ethnic groups, then females of all ethnic groups. Discrimination isn’t only apparent in the job market, but in how companies invest in certain areas. It is seen in our response to what is happening in other areas of cities or areas of the country. We have slums and â€Å"ghettos† that don’t get investment monies to fix them up due to the lower class segregation. We have other areas occupied by a high number of non-Caucasians that don’t get investments just because of their ethnicity. New Orleans is a perfect example of all of these inequalities. It was a city segregated by race, ethnicity, and social class standing. The devastation caused by hurricane Katrina happened to people who couldn’t afford to get out on their own, and was compounded by the predominantly Caucasian government’s lack of response (arguably due to the racial differences between U. S. leaders and with the people effected by the disaster). I don’t feel that I fit in with the standard culture for my Caucasian ethnic group or the U. S. mainstream culture. I don’t participate in any religions, as I believe in myself and science that can be proved. I don’t feel that I am or need to be â€Å"better† than any other ethnic group. I couldn’t care less about what style is popular or what haircuts are â€Å"in†. I just try to be myself and try to ignore things that try to sway my opinions. Instead of taking someone’s word for something I would rather research and come to my own decision (almost to a fault). I think it is better to be different than a lemming following the crowd running off the cliff. References Fullinwider, Robert (2005). Affirmative Action. Retrieved February 1, 2006 from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/affirmative-action/.

Mendel Vs. Darwin

Dear Mr.. Mendel, I am very Interested In your study of genetics. I also am a Naturalist and we share the same passion for Gods creation. I have known, from your studies of genetics, organisms may only pass down traits to their offspring that they were born with. This proved Lamarckism theory to be incorrect. Your studies show many helpful genetic facts. One of which is all members of a species are all different in some way. This ties together part of my own theory called Natural Selection.I too believe that all organisms are born with different variations. Variations that help to get food or escape from predators will help that animal survive. Then, those animals will reproduce offspring with the helpful variation. Your genetic studies reinforce my theory of Natural Selection. One of our few differences is that you conduct controlled experiments, while I simply observe nature. Much of my work took place while sailing on the Beagle around South America and Africa. I observed the natu ral life and took notes.You seem to Like working In a laboratory while I Like to explore the world and see nature as It happens. Our methods of study are almost opposite, but both reveal much information. Every organism's difference is a variation. While I traveled to the Galapagos, I noticed many variations in the finch species. From island to island, each finch bird has a different type of beak. I hypothesize this is because each island has different food sources so each bird adapted to their environment.Some have sharp, thin beaks to separate insects while others on different islands have shorter beaks to pick seed off the ground. I understand that in your research with peas you have found out that offspring inherit only traits that the parents were born with. I formed similar thoughts about the finches. As you may be thinking, my theory Is very controversial within the church. Most people think low upon me for believing my theory. Some say Natural Selection Is going against the churches belief of the Genesis written In the Bible.Fortunately for you, you are part of the monastery. You have your colleagues to support your ideas and thoughts. I am in the process of writing book to express my ideas to the people. I hope my ideas will be revolutionary and change the thoughts of evolution. My wish is that society will someday find value in my research, even if it is rejected by the church in present. Sincerely, Charles Darwin Mendel Vs.. Darwin By resourcefulness I am very interested in your study of genetics. I also am a Naturalist and we share the same passion for God's creation.I have known, from your studies of genetics, One of our few differences is that you conduct controlled experiments, while I seem to like working in a laboratory while I like to explore the world and see nature as it happens. Our methods of study are almost opposite, but both reveal much As you may be thinking, my theory is very controversial within the church. Most people think low upo n me for believing my theory. Some say Natural Selection is going against the churches belief.

Film Analysis on There Will Be Blood and the Bicycle Theif Essay

Ladri di Biciclette and There will be Blood Character Analysis Ladri di Biciclette takes place in 1948 post-World War II Rome and is considered one of the best works of Italian Neorealism. There will be Blood is an American drama film set in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It is considered one of the best films ever created. Despite their many differences, these two films share plenty of common ground. The theme of these two powerfully inspiring movies is that of a broken relationship between a father and a son. Ladri di Biciclette is one of the few films that do not follow the hero cycle. At no point in the plot does Antonio Ricci, played by Lamberto Maggiorani, ever redeem himself. Instead, he plummets down to the shocking level of stealing another’s bicycle. It is at this point in the story line Bruno, his son played my Enzo Staiola, will forever see his father differently. When Antonio slaps Bruno, Bruno’s world changes drastically. He has never been treated so harshly like this by his father, someone he loves and trusts dearly. This is the first time his perfect image of his dad is shattered. Even though Antonio is put in multiple moral situations, he truly loves and cares for his son. For example, when he hears the cries of a little boy drowning he rushes over to the commotion worried the little boy is Bruno. Fortunately, the boy is not Bruno and he picks up his son in a tight embrace. There are some moments in the film where Antonio forgets his son is with him. For instance, when he spies the thief he will run after him not thinking of his son and whether or not he will get lost trying to keep up in the chase. Still, he will look down to his son and ask if he is tired or hungry. Then he accommodates to the little boy’s needs. Antonio is trying to provide the best life possible for his family even if it meant doing something morally incriminating. Although his father has treat him wrong a few times, Bruno knows how stressful of a situation his father is in and tries to keep his dad in good spirits. In the last scene Antonio has a blank stare and is fighting the urge to cry. Bruno, watching his father, takes his hand. As Antonio looks at Bruno, the camera watches as they disappear into the crowd. They know that the bicycle will never be found, and the defeat can clearly be seen in Antonio’s blank stare. In There will be Blood Daniel Plainview, brilliantly acted by Daniel Day-Lewis, adopts one of his deceased  worker’s o rphaned son, played by Dillon Freasier. Plainview names his son H.W. and he becomes Plainview’s business â€Å"partner†. Later, his son loses his hearing in a drilling accident. Daniel boards a train with his boy and gets up, not looking back as he abandons the train and his child. Daniel doesn’t really feel a loss when sending his son away since the kid is not blood related. He feels H.W. does not have any of his qualities or personality. He eventually reunites with his son, who has now steadily built resentment for his father. H.W.’s teacher and interpreter becomes his new father figure in life as he and Daniel drift apart with his taking to be a drunkard and his more aggressive behavior. In one of the last scenes H.W., played by Russell Harvard) has married his childhood sweetheart and is visiting his now wealthy father to discuss ending their partnership and starting his own oil company in Mexico. Daniel mocks his son and tells H.W. that he is an orphan by saying, â€Å"You’re an orphan from a basket in the middle of the desert. And I took you for no other reason than I needed a sweet face to buy land. Did you get that? Now you know. Look at me. You’re lower than a bastard. You have none of me in you. You’re just a bastard from a basket.† H.W. leaves his father with no regrets and tells his â€Å"father† he is glad he doesn’t have any of Daniel in himself. Clearly these two have had relationship problems from the beginning. H.W. loved and idolized Daniel Plainview, even though the love was usually not returned. His deep interest for oil drilling started and grew all because of Daniel, and for that reason he was grateful and still loved his father, Plainview. Plainview only cared about money and power, so when his son lost hearing, due to the explosion at the oil site, he simply thought of the money he would make not about the well bein g of his only child. When he leaves his child to help with the fire, H.W. for the first time is lost, confounded, scared, and feels betrayed as his father lets go of him, leaving him in the dark with unanswered questions. Daniel Plainview never realizes that even though H.W. is not blood related he still raised, cared, and provided for this â€Å"bastard from a basket†. In both films the two father figures struggle with the yearning for power, money, social gain, and their ambition. Antonio cannot stop thinking of the money he would make if his bicycle is found. He thinks of the different life style he and his family would get to live with the salary he would be making. Anderson, the director of There will be Blood, was inspired by the fact that Sierra  Madre is â€Å"about greed and ambition and paranoia and looking at the worst parts of yourself†. All of those traits can easily be found in Daniel Plainview. Daniel even admits to his half brother’s imposter that he has this hatred and competition in himself. The character Daniel Plainview shows the savagery and obsession in humanity by draining the land of its natural resources for power and wealth. There will be Blood not only addresses the broken father son relationship but also the dark heart of free enterprise. It displays the inner workings of capitalism and how not only gain but domination is the ultimate goal in this grand scheme called politics. These two films are great influences in not only the film industry but also give great messages about life. Neither of the films follow the hero cycle and  the fathers never redeem themselves. This adds to the magnitude of these pieces of art for the reason that it makes them unique and sets them apart from other great works of art in film.

An Urban Renewal Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

An Urban Renewal Project - Research Paper Example These steps are taken in order to use privately-owned property for development projects such as urban renewal project (Grogon and Proscio, 2001). The process of urban renewal is seen in both positive and negative ways by various people. To most of people, it acts as a symbol of economic development and positive reforms and for some it acts as a means of establishing control. It is a good way of recreating communities that exist and make them seem better but at the cost of demolishing certain neighborhoods. However, with the passage of time a change has occurred in the way people think about urban renewal projects which is seen now as more oriented toward investment and renovation and less toward destruction (Jones, 2004). The paper will highlight the local project at Los Angeles that had been named as Bunker Hill project and will discuss the circumstances that led to this decision of accomplishing an urban renewal project in Los Angeles. The role of power elite, pluralism, mobility, economic competition and government regime has also been discussed in the paper throughout. Bunker Hill is the Los Angeles’ oldest plan of redevelopment that spreads over the area of 133 acres. The project adopted in 1959 by the city council of Los Angeles got transformed into a project of area redevelopment in 1968. The project area considered to be bounded by Hill Street (east), First Street (north), Fifth Street (south) and Harbour Freeway (west) (Dawson, 2008). The area had been relocated to include twenty-five developmental sites of large mass. The developmental plan also included the construction of a new street system in order to control the steepness of hill and to connect the steep area with nearby flatlands. The four sites out of the twenty-five major developmental sites were under the ownership of CRA/LA whereas two were owned by County. The project of Bunker Hill had been the result of continuous struggle against the lawsuits by City Council that won its case in f avor of urban renewal project in 1964. The funds raised for the completion of project were initially $33 million and few complaints were submitted against the plan. However, in 1968 the project was renamed as Bunker Hill Redevelopment project which previously was known as urban renewal project (Fante, 2002). It is worth-mentioning that the area had been remained unattended for the period from 1800’s to 1920’ due to the lack of water system and other services that had not reached that place at the time. The Bunker Hill due to the steep topography had been the difficult project to accomplish and it was the necessary to reconstruct it in order to provide room for neighborhoods that were becoming overcrowded (Fante, 2002). The Great Depression had also contributed in the negligence of this hilly area in terms of renovating the site. Therefore, in 1940’s it was almost impossible to think of reconstructing the area and investing a lot of money in doing so at the time when the country was facing economic crisis and crime acts at the peak. In the past the site had been the place of Victorian mansions which now became urban decay. Extensive surveys and researches were conducted to measure the physical, economic and social impacts. The results of the surveys identified the